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탐색과 개발적 조직학습을 통한 지식축적이 중국자회사 성과에 미치는 영향

Knowledge accumulations through explorative and exploitative organizational learning and their impact on Chinese subsidiary performance

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초록

재벌 기업들을 필두로 한국 기업들은 그 규모를 막론하고 세계의 제조공장인 중국에 엄청난 규모의 해외직접투자(foreign direct investment)를 하고 있고, 이 규모는 점차 가속화되고 있다. 그러나 국제경영학에서의 조직행동(organizational behavior) 연구들은 이 재벌 기업들이 과연 어떤 가치창출을 통해 중국시장에서 자회사를 설립한 후 어떤 차원의 기술혁신 지식이전을 거쳐 성과 향상을 도출해내고 있는가를 제대로 짚어내지 못하고 있었다.이에 본 연구는 우리나라 120개 재벌 기업의 본사와 중국에서 제조업을 하는 494개의 현지 자회사를 대상으로 조직학습이론을 이용하여 기업 수준에서의 탐색(exploration) 및 개발(exploitation)적 조직학습을 통한 기술혁신 지식 축적이 본사-중국자회사간 조직 내 지식이전을 통해 중국자회사 성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면, 재벌 기업의 탐색적 기술혁신 지식축적은 중국자회사 성과에 부정적이며 유의미한 영향을 미침에 반해, 개발적 기술혁신이 중국자회사 성과에 미치는 영향은 대체로 불명확한 경향을 보였다. 그리고 본 연구에서는 탐색적 기술혁신과 본사-중국자회사간 지식이전의 상호작용이 긍정적이며 유의미한 영향을 보임에 반해, 개발적 기술혁신과 본사-중국자회사간 지식이전의 상호작용은 부정적이며 유의미한 영향을 미치는 경향이 있음을 발견하였다. 이러한 결과들은 종합적으로 재벌 기업들 모기업 수준에서의 탐색적 기술혁신 지식축적이 단기적으로는 중국자회사 성과와 부정적인 관계를 가지나, 중국자회사에 대한 지식이전의 측면에서 보면 성숙된 탐색적 기술혁신의 지식이전을 효과적으로 하면 보다 더 중국자회사의 성과를 고양할 수 있음을 시사한다.

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