항일ㆍ독립운동가로 부른 학도가류 연구

Abstract

Hakdo-ga, a collective term for student's song throughout the Japanese colonial era in Korea, was widely sung. The song encouraged students to study, to accomplish physical discipline, or to live diligently. Hakdo-ga songs embraced various songs in diverse tunes including Hakdoga, a student's song; Kweonhakga, a song for encouraging students to study, Undongga, a song of physical exercise; Gongbuga, a song of study; Jeonjinga, song of moving forward, and Haengboga, a song for walk. Thus, these songs are categorized as so-called Hakdo-ga class songs, which are derived in modern times. It was thought that some Hakdo-ga songs borrowed melodies of other songs, including a Japanese tune Cheoldo changga. For this reason, it has been negatively recognized that the students may have been forced into Japanese sentiments secretly, and that it was used as a song to curb anti-Japanese sentiments within the framework of Botonggyoyuk changgajip (state-run music textbook collection). In fact, Hakdo-ga songs are contained more in individual publications (e.g., books by Kim In-sik and Lee Sang-jun), other than the state-run textbook collection. Furthermore, the songs of Hakdo-ga class are included more in the national anthem collection, used in the National Private Schools. Some Hakdo-ga songs adopted melodies of existing tunes from other song, but some Hakdo-ga songs were newly created. They are Hakdo-ga songs, composed by Kim In-sik in 1905, and by Ahn Chang-ho and Lee Sung-sik before 1910. These songs were actively sung in the anti-Japanese independence movements, inspiring Korean students to poster patriotism and spirit of independence by singing various lyrics to this tune. Based on above facts, this paper discloses that the Hakdo-ga class songs in Japanese colonial era played immensely positive role in promoting patriotism and inspiring pride in the independence movement, through active use of the popular tune at that time, despite the negative bearing of borrowing Japanese tunes.