노래로 불려 진 천주가사의 음악적 특징

Abstract

Catholic verse is a compound word of Catholic (Lord of Heaven), a core term of Western Learning and verse, a traditional literary genre. It is introduced to stress faith and creed practice of the believer and also used for propagandizing the Catholic Church. Our ancestors formed a song culture which is the best method reflecting the social feature of Joseon to the extent in not breaching the decree of the Catholic Church and developed based on our nationality. This study examined and sorted 40 verses in 23 kinds of Catholic Verse in two stages before and after 1886. The verses in the stage 1 is 4 including Cheondangnorae, Cheonjugonggyeongga, Samsedaeui, Sahyangga and The composition time of Juilga, Bokjahyeonyangga, Ibyeolga, Jatanga and Jinbokpaldan is unknown and the other 19 belongs to the stage 2. As for musical characteristics, 22 kinds of Jeongak, 8 kinds of folk song, 6 of psalm and 4 of Changa. While the tone, rhythm, melody and Jongjieum exist in mixed form, they are based on Jeongak. This seems because those songs composed by individuals are based on the faith of the believers or widely sung by many for the practice of dogma. However, the musical feature is not identified by composition time or collection area but by those who sang songs. It means that while there is no similarity shown in Tonghoisa, Samalchuronga, Sogyeongjatanga and which had identical composition period and composers, songs from one singer have almost similar features. Songs by a singer had almost a similar feature. For example, Seo Seon Yi had all Jeongak music structure in her Samalchuronga1, Sogyeongjatanga, and Sipgaetaryeong. On the other hand, Park Eom Jeong had all features of psalm songs at Munhakgeonhakga, Tonghoisa and Samalchuronga 2. As such Catholic verse demonstrates uniqueness by adopting partly traditional feature and foreign musical feature according to preference of singers.