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신재생에너지 발전 사업에 대한 국민 및 지역 주민 수용성 비교 연구 - 태양광, 풍력, 바이오 발전을 중심으로

A Comparative Study on Acceptance of Public and Local Residents for Renewable Energy Projects - Focused on Solar, Wind, and Biomass

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초록

신재생에너지 입지 선정과정에서 낮은 국민 수용성과 지역 주민과 발전사업자 간의 갈등이 신재생에너지 보급ㆍ확대 사업의 장애요인으로 작용하고 있다. 정부의 신재생에너지 정책이 원활하게 수행되기 위해서 국민의 낮은 수용성을 개선하는 것은 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 국민 수용성을 일반 국민과 지역 주민 수용성으로 나누어 그 차이를 규명하고 발전원별(태양광, 풍력, 바이오매스) 수용성 차이를 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구는 거주지 주변에 신재생에너지 발전소가 들어서는 사업에 대한 수용의사액(Willingness to accept, WTA)을 조건부 가치측정법을 사용하여 정량적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 신재생에너지 발전소에 대한 지역 주민의 WTA가 높게 추정되었으며, 이 결과는 일반 국민 보다 지역 주민 수용성이 낮음을 의미한다. 발전원에 대한 수용성은 일반 국민과 지역 주민 모두 태양광이 가장 높게 나타났다. 태양광 발전소의 경우 지역 주민의 WTA가 일반 국민 보다 2.6배(158.6%) 높았다(수용성이 낮음). 태양광을 기준으로 발전원별 수용성 결과는 일반 국민의 경우 태양광의 WTA가 풍력보다 2.2배(55.3%), 바이오매스 보다 3.0배(66.3%) 낮았으며(수용성이 높음), 지역 주민의 경우 태양광의 WTA가 풍력 및 바이오매스 보다 각각 1.5배(32.7%) 낮게 추정되었다(수용성이 높음). 본 연구 결과는 지역 주민의 수용성 강화에 기여하고 발전원별 확대 비중에 대한 가이드라인을 제공할 수 있으며, 정부의 신재생에너지 정책에 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

In the process of selecting a location for renewable energy, low acceptance and enormous conflict between local residents and power generation companies are acting as obstacles to renewable energy supply and expansion projects. To ensure the smooth implementation of the government’s renewable energy policy, it is important to improve the public's low acceptance. Therefore, this study aims to identify the differences by dividing the public acceptance into the general public and the local residents and to analyze the differences in the acceptance of each energy source (solar, wind and biomass). This study quantitatively analyzed the willingness to accept (WTA) for the construction of renewable energy plants near the residence using contingent valuation method. As a result, the WTA of local residents for renewable energy plants was estimated to be high. This means lower acceptance of local residents than the general public. In the acceptance analysis of energy sources, the solar power was the highest both the general public and local residents. In the case of solar power plant, the WTA of local residents was 2.6 times (158.6%) higher than the general public. The result of WTA for the energy sources based on solar power is as follows. For the general public, solar was 2.2 times (55.3%) lower than wind and 3.0 times (66.3%) lower than biomass. For local residents, solar is estimated to be 1.5 times (32.7%) lower than wind and 1.5 times (32.5%) lower than biomass. This study can contribute to strengthening the acceptance of local residents and provide guidelines for the expansion ratio by renewable energy source. It is also expected to be used as a reference for the government's renewable energy policy.

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