‘밀레니움 홀’ : 여성적 유토피아?
“Millenium Hall”: A Women’s Utopia?
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 글은 18세기 영국에서 ‘여성문제’를 제기했던 블루스타킹 서클이 제기한 여성공동체의 실상에 대한 일종의 보고서이다. 블루스타킹의 이념을 대변한다고 알려진 『밀레니움 홀』에 대한 정밀한 독해를 통해 저자인 사라 스콧과 여성 공동체를 꿈꾼 당대 여성들의 희망이 구체적으로 어떠한 것이었는가를 알아보고자 한다. 동시에 이러한 작업은 중세의 크리스틴 피장에서 17세기 메리 아스텔에 이르기까지 꾸준히 이어진 여성 유토피아 문학의 계보를 살펴보는 일이기도 하다. 그리고 18세기 스콧의 생각이 당대인들과 얼마나 공감한 것인지 그 이후 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지도 아울러 살펴보았다. 『밀레니움 홀』은 결혼이라는 ‘감옥’에서 나온 뛰쳐나온 여성들만의 공동체로 일종의 학교이며, 가족이라는 혈연 중심적이고 배타적인 집단을 넘어서는 또 하나의 대안적 기구였다. 그곳은 남성들이 그린 유토피아와 달리 ‘지금, 여기에’ 존재하는 곳이었고, 남성들을 완전히 배제한 여성들만의 영토였다. 이는 천국에서나 존재하고 그래서 결국 사후 세계에나 가능한 여성들의 피난처인 피장의 ‘숙녀의 도시’를 18세기에는 지상의 어느 농촌에서 쉽게 볼 수 있는 그리고 언제나 의지만 있다면 만들 수 있는 현실 가능태로 바꾼 것이라 할 수 있다. 또한, 그곳은 당대 여성들이 가장 원했던 여성들의 쉼터이자 사회에 내보낼 유용한 여성들을 길러 내는 소녀를 위한 학교였다. 또한, 『밀레니움 홀』은 재산을 가진 부유한 여성들이 기독교적 교리인 자선을 구체적으로 실천하는 곳으로 사회에서 소외된 가난한 이들과 장애인들을 위한 일종의 구호기관이기도 했다.
Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to scrutinize the book, Sarah Scott’s A Description of Millenium Hall and Country Adjacent(1762). This book is a novel which was the fullest literary expression of the first wave of ‘Bluestocking’ feminism. This was a feminizing and feminist movement among upper -and middle-class women that emerged in the mid- eighteenth century and was developed by later generation of middle-class women in England. So I would examine the community(Millenium Hall) at that following points : Who was built, For what purpose and how the community was managed? Through the study, I would know what dreams the author or Bluestockings in that period. This work is also to understand the trend of women’s utopian literature from Christine de Pizan’s The Book of the City of Ladies(1405) to Mary Astell’s ‘a Protestant Convent’(1694) and the general characters of writings of women in Eighteenth-century England. Millenium Hall was an utopia that is a charitable, virtuous, and educated community of women without men. So it was a kind of boarding school only for girls in modern terms and a Charity for the poor which managed by not a state but the Bluestocking Circle simultaneously. Different among utopias by men, it was not far away or isolated from England, so-called it was ‘Here and Now’. Near the London, the Millenium Hall might have developed from the Pizan’s the City, which was a invisible and unrealizable, even after-world or heaven city. But Scott’s community was built by real women who hoped the paradise in earth. Because it was a fruit of the author’s experience. Even though Scott failed the project, her attempt and work was taken by the people who lived in same time and after the death of author with effect.
참고문헌 (16)
- Alessa Johns, "Women’s Utopias of the Eighteenth Century" (2003), Univ. of Illinois Press
- Ann Van Sant, "Historicizing Domestic Relations: Sarah Scott’s Use of the ‘Household Family’", Eighteenth-Century Fiction, 17(3) (2005)
- Crystal Lake, "Redecorating the Ruin: Women and Antiquarianism in Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall", English Literary History, 76 (2009)
- David Porter, "Monstrous Beauty: Eighteenth-Century Fashion and the Aesthetics of the Chinese Taste", Eighteenth-Century Studies, 35(3) (2002)
- Elizabeth Eger, "Brilliant Women 18th-Century Bluestockings" (2008), Yale Univ. Press
- Elizabeth Robinson Montague, "Elizabeth Montague, The Queen of the Bluestockings: Her Correspondence from 1720-1761, vol. 1 -2" (1906), E. P. Dutton & Company
- Eve Tavor Bannet, "The Bluestocking Sisters: Women’s Patronage, Millenium Hall, and The Visible Providence of a Country", Eighteenth Century Life, 30(1) (2006)
- Gary Kelly, "Bluestocking Feminism: Writings of the Bluestocking Circle 1738-1785, vol. 5-6: Sarah Scott" (1999), Pickering & Chatto
- Harriet Guest, "Bluestocking Feminism", The Huntington Library quarterly, 65(1) (2002)
- Nicole Pohl, "Reconsidering the Bluestockings" (2003), Hunting Library
- Nicole Pohl, "Gender and Utopia in the Eighteenth Century; Essays in English and French Utopian Writing" (2007), Ashgate
- Sally O’Dridcoll, "Lesbian Criticism and Feminist Criticism: Readings of Millenium Hall", Tulsa Studies in Women Literature, 22(1) (2003)
- Sarah Scott, "A Description of Millenium Hall and Country Adjacent :Together with the Characters of the Inhabitants, and Such Historical Anecdotes and Reflections, as May excite in the Reader proper Sentiments of Humanity and lead the Mind to the Love of Virtue. by A Gentleman on his Travels (1762)", Broadview Press
- Sylvia H. Myers, "The bluestocking circle: women, friendship,and the life of the mind in eighteenth-century England" (1990), Clarendon Press
- Rosemary Baird, "‘The Queen of the Bluestockings’: Mrs. Montagu’s house at 23 Hill Street redoscovered", Apollo, pp.1~498 (2003)
- 토마스 모어, "유토피아" (2007), 을유문화사