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주의력 결핍 과잉행동장애의 근거기반치료

Evidence-Based Treatments of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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주제분류심리과학

초록

주의력 결핍 과잉행동장애(ADHD)는 아동기에 흔한 장애이며, 아동 및 청소년, 성인기에 이르기까지 영향을 미칠 수 있다. ADHD에 대한심리치료방법이 다양해지면서 예전에 비하면 어떤 방식의 심리치료를 시행할 것인지 정하는 것이 복잡하고 어려워졌다. 본 논문은 ADHD 치료에 대한 문헌을 고찰해 근거가 확립된 치료기법을 확인해보고자 하였다. 미국과 한국에서 이루어진 메타 연구에 따르면 ADHD에 가장 효과가 높은 심리치료는 행동수정에 기반한 부모교육, 행동수정에 기반한 교실 관리, 행동수정에 기반한 또래관계 개입 및 행동적 기법의 조합으로 확인되었다. 즉, 행동수정의 원리가 ADHD의 심리적 개입으로는 가장 우수한 방법이며, 이런 결과는 반복해서 입증되었다. 한국 연구에서는 행동수정 외에 놀이치료나 그림 치료와 같은 방법도 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으나 연구방식이나 측정도구와 같은 요인이 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 추정되어 추후 잘 설계된 연구를 통해 확인할 필요가 있을 것 같다.

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and impairing disorder affecting children, adolescents, and adults. Due to the increasing range of available options, selection and prioritization of treatments is becoming harder for clinicians. This review aims to provide a review of the literature on evidence-based psychotherapy treatments for ADHD supplemented by expert opinion on plausibility of symptoms improvement. In this paper, several meta-studies, which were conducted mainly in the United State and Korea were reviewed. As a result, behavioral parental training, behavioral classroom management, behavioral peer relationship intervention, and a combination of behavioral techniques were suggested as psychological treatment techniques. These techniques have been repeatedly proven to be effective in well-designed studies. In Korean studies, the effectiveness of non-behavioral techniques such as play therapy or art therapy has been demonstrated. These findings of this review are likely to be influenced by a number of factors such as research design, use of a control group, and measurement selection. Better designed follow-up studies are needed.

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