농민 정체성의 형성과 운동조직의 전환 －1970~80년대 전라남도 강진군을 중심으로－

Abstract

The peasant movement, which was extinct during the Korean War, revived in the 1970’s, and in the 1980’s grew into the heart of the social movement. This was made possibly by the rapid mass production of peasant activists and the formation of movement organizations with various levels and types. This study was attempted to investigate when and how peasant activists reappeared, centering on social networks, and examine the formation, differentiation, and integration of the peasant movement organization, which is a group of peasant activists, as an example of Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do. In Gangjin-gun, peasant identity and peasant consciousness were formed in the Christian Academy education, which began in 1974. Religious and cultural organizations, product varieties, and residential networks were combined to select participants for education. Most of the early participants were local renowned or educated non-peasant. It was around 1976 that the participants’ personality changed, and the mainstream became peasant. The most important activity of peasant activists was the organization of peasants. In the beginning, a small group was formed for each production item, and campaigned to improve the agricultural system. Next, a movement organization organized in units of counties and villages was formed to reveal collective and solidarity. In 1979, the Catholic peasant association village branch, a professional movement organization that established a nationwide network, was formed. From 1983, the Christian peasant association was formed, and the movement organization was differentiated. It was divided into pros and cons over the differentiation of the movement organization, but it was a growing pain for the growth and spread of the peasant movement. In 1985, the Tamjin peasant association was formed, which had the character of an alliance for each crop, and often worked with movement organizations. From 1988, the integration of the peasant movement organization in Gangjin-gun was promoted. Conflicts surfaced in the process of integration were projected into the composition of Gangjin-gun Farmers’ Council.