낙인과 서명 1970년대 문화 검역과 문인간첩

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the case of the literary spy which occurred in 1974, and to identify the social meaning of the distinctive symbol of ‘writer’ and the political effect of the stigmatization of ‘literary spy’. By analyzing the case of the ‘literary spy’, this paper intends to show that the control of power, which started to control the literary field by the name of ‘law’ in the mid 1960’s, changed in the 1970’s. In addition, through the comparative analysis with the cases of spy incident that began to take place in the late 1960’s, this article attempted to characterize the case of the literary spy and to describe the palimpsest of the genealogy of the spy incidents which various intellectuals were involved in the 1960’s and 1970’s. The concept of ‘cultural quarantine’ presented in this paper is designed to analyze a series of spy cases including ‘the case of the literary spy’ and to reinterpret the cultural control of the Park Jeong hee’s regime. Park Jeong-hee’s regime of cultural control did not take the form of local punishment to perform censorship on specific texts. Instead, the cultural control of the Park Chung-hee’s regime was diffusive in that it made the incident spectacular and spread throughout the society, causing the public to consume it. The government tried to extensively manage the production, circulation and consumption of texts through ‘investigation and trial’ and ‘publicity and reporting’, and changed the regulation system by arresting the editors and publishers of the media as well as the creator of the text. This type of regulation can be said to take the form of a quarantine. As it was not only about sanctions or dispositions of texts, but also the imprisonment of the writer, who was involved in producing and disseminating of those texts, and the management of inflammatory ideas which were spreading through texts. In addition, it created the punitive function and the effect of prevention by giving intellectuals the experience of the anxiety and hysteria caused by the gaze of power. This perform of power was both repressive and productive in that it actively engages in the production of discourse and knowledge, capturing events and subjects in a particular network of meanings, and creating a oppressive viewpoint or model of interpretation. The literary spy incident in 1974 was a representative example which demonstrates the emergence of quarantine authorities and the transition of cultural control.