프랜시스 라이트와 개혁의 목소리-7월 4일 연설을 중심으로-
Frances Wright and the Voice of Reform-Focusing on the speech of the Fourth of July -
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 1828년 뉴 하모니와 1829년 필라델피아에서 울려 퍼진 프랜시스 라이트의 7월 4일 연설을 소개하고 여기에 담긴 메시지를 그녀의 개혁 운동과 관련하여 분석하는 것이다. 스코틀랜드 출신인 라이트는 전통적인 연설의 방식을 차용하면서도 자신만의 독특한 개혁 메시지를 설파함으로써 7월 4일의 역사적 의미를 재구성했다. 미국 사회를 향한 진보와 개선의 가능성, 변화의 원칙, 인류를 향한 긍정적 비전이 바로 그것이다. 라이트는 7월 4일 연설의 전통 서사의 중심에 자리한 애국자의 개념을 뉴 하모니의 청중 나아가 인류 전체로 확대함으로써 인류 평등주의적인 사회 개혁을 실현하고자 했다. 뉴 하모니 연설이 유토피아 사회주의 공동체라는 특수한 성격을 반영한 그들만의 행사였다면 필라델피아 연설은 미국 국민을 향한 정치적 목소리이자 개혁을 위한 선전포고라고 할 수 있다. 요컨대 라이트의 7월 4일 연설은 전통적인 서사와 설득력 있는 수사 양식을 결합한 역사적 산물이자 개혁 운동을 위한 유용한 도구로 작동한다. 나아가 미국 사회의 ‘타자’였던 영국 여성의 목소리를 재현한다는 점에서 중요한 의미를 갖는다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to introduce the July 4 speech of social reformer Frances Wright, who addressed in New Harmony in 1828 and Philadelphia in 1829, and to analyze its meanings in relation to her reform movement. Wright redefined the historical meanings of July 4 by borrowing the traditional method of speech and by preaching her own unique messages of reform. They included the possibility of progress and improvement towards American society, the principle of change, and the positive vision for all mankind. Wright sought to realize human-egalitarian social reform by expanding the patriot who was at the center of the traditional narrative on July 4 to the audience of New Harmony and to the whole human race. While the speech in New Harmony was for the sake of its own event which reflected the special character of the utopian socialist community, the speech in Philadelphia was a political voice for the American people and a declaration of war for her reform. In short, Wright's July 4 speech was a historical product combining traditional narrative and persuasive rhetorical form and a useful tool for her reform movement. Furthermore, it has an important meaning in demonstrating the voice of British woman who was ‘other’ in American society.
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