후기 언약파와 신화의 재생산- 17세기 후반 언약파 저항이론과 팸플릿 논쟁을 중심으로 -
The Reproduction of the Myth- Later Covenanters, Resistance Theory and their Pamphlet Debate in late 17th Century -
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1640년대 스코틀랜드 혁명의 주역은 단연 언약파(covenanters)였다. 그들은 장로교회의 사상적 틀 안에서 언약운동과 저항사상을 절묘하게 조합하였고, 이를 바탕으로 국왕과의 전쟁에서 승리할 수 있었다. 언약파의 저항과 승리의 역사는 스코틀랜드인들에게 있어 영광스러운 신화가 되었다. 17세기 후반, 스코틀랜드에서는 왕정복고(Restoration, 1660)와 명예혁명(Glorious Revolution, 1688)을 거치며 두 차례의 종교 변혁이 이루어졌다. 이 과정에서 후기 언약파(later covenanters)는 극악의 정치·종교적 상황을 경험해야 했고, 그 때마다 장로교회 저항이론 팸플릿을 출판하여 끊임없이 과거의 신화를 되새기고자 하였다. 이를 통해 후기 언약파는 다시금 언약파 세력을 재결집하고, 나아가 세속정부에 대한 무력저항을 정당화하고자 하였다. 비록 국가적 박해와 탄압 속에서 후기 언약파들이 사분오열되면서 그들의 저항신화는 산산이 부서졌지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 후기 언약파의 활발한 팸플릿 활동은 17세기 후반 스코틀랜드 종교 논쟁의 장을 활성화 시켰다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다.
Abstract
The protagonists of the Scottish Revolution in the 1640s were by far the early covenanters. They armed their covenanting movement with the calvinist resistance theory which was one of the main ideological frameworks of the Presbyterianism, by which they were able to win the war against the King Charles I. This experience of the triumph has become a glorious myth for the later covenanters. During the Restoration church settlement and the Revolution church settlement in the late of 17th century, the later covenanters had to experience the harsh politico-religious situation. They on each time published the pamphlets implicating advocating the presbyterian resistance theory of the early covenanters to constantly remember the myths of the past. Through this, the later covenanters attempted to reunite the covenanting spirit, and justify their armed resistance against the government after the Restoration. Although the myth of resistance and triumph were was shattered as the later covenanters were divided in the nationwide persecution and oppression. Nonetheless, the significance of the vigorous pamphlet activity of the later covenanters can be found in their activation of the Scottish religious debate in the late 17th century.
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