프랑스혁명에 의한 스코틀랜드인의 정치의식과 여론 대립구도의 변화
The Transition of Scottish Political Awareness and Confrontational Composition of Public Opinions According to the French Revolution
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프랑스혁명으로 인해 유럽 내 각 국가에서는 내부적으로 서로 다른 정치적 의견이 나타났고 그에 따른 대립이 일어났다. 스코틀랜드 역시 다르지 않았다. 1789년부터 프랑스에서 발생한 일련의 사건들에 대해 영국과 스코틀랜드의 엘리트와 언론은 자신의 입장에 따라 상반되는 의견을 내세웠고 논쟁을 거듭하였다. 그리고 이러한 논쟁은 일반 인민들에게도 이어졌다. 프랑스혁명이 점차 과격해지고 급진적으로 변하자 스코틀랜드 내부의 논쟁도 마찬가지로 심화하였다. 개혁파는 스코틀랜드에 프랑스와 같은 개혁을 도입하려고 하였다. 반대로 친정부파는 이와 같은 현상을 어떻게든 막으려고 노력했다. 그리고 정부는 본격적으로 반목에 개입해 개혁파를 억압하였다. 그러나 전쟁과 프랑스의 침공이라는 위협은 점차 스코틀랜드의 여론을 반프랑스적으로 통합하였다. 스코틀랜드인은 내부의 대립과 반목을 줄이고 외부의 적인 프랑스에 대항해 단결하기 시작했다. 이와 같이 프랑스혁명이 진행함에 따라 스코틀랜드 내부 여론의 대립구도 역시 변화하였다. 그리고 여론의 대립은 스코틀랜드 일반 인민에게 정치의식을 일깨워주었다. 따라서 이 논문은 프랑스혁명기 스코틀랜드에서 나타났던 인민들의 정치의식과 여론의 대립구도가 혁명이 진행됨에 따라 변화하는 과정에 관해 다룸으로써 당시 유럽 내 여러 국가들 안에 존재했던 수많은 종별적인 담론들의 중요성을 시사하고자 한다.
Abstract
The French Revolution had exerted its massive influence in entire Europe. Different and opposing opinions about the Revolution, which led to their confrontations, emerged in each and every country. What happened in Scotland was no different. A series of happenings that had occurred in France since 1789 made British and Scottish elites and presses to dispute with each other due to their conflicting views. These disputes were continued even among the general public. As the Revolution went to extreme with radical changes, the arguments in Scotland had also been deepen. The reformers called for the same reformation that had happened in France. On the contrary, those who were loyal to the government tried their best to stop it. Also, accordingly, British government itself started to intervene in the hostility and suppressed the reformers. However, the war and the threat of French invasion unified the Scottish general opinion as anti-French. The Scottish diminished its internal opposition and hostility, and solidified against the external enemy. As the French Revolution was in transition, the public opinion and its conflict in Scotland have also changed accordingly. Furthermore the opposition of the public opinion has awaken the political awareness of the Scottish people. This article analyzes the process of how the popular political awareness and the confrontational composition of the public opinion in Scotland have altered according to the course of the French Revolution, and therefore implies the importance of numerous specific discourses that existed in each and every country in Europe during the period.
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