아가일 후작(Marquess of Argyll)과 종교적 제국주의
The Marquess of Argyll (1607 - 1661) and the Religious Imperialism
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아가일 후작(the Marquess of Argyll, 1607-1661)은 17세기 중반 세 왕국 전쟁(the War of the Three Kingdoms)의 거대한 소용돌이 속에서 스코틀랜드의 혁명정부를 이끌었던 정치적 수장이었다. 1-2차 주교전쟁(the First & Second Bishop’s War, 1639-40)을 연이어 겪으며 그는 잉글랜드 국교회를 동일하게 장로교화하고자 결심하였다. 이후 그는 정치적·군사적 수단을 총동원하여 잉글랜드의 정국에 직간접적 영향력을 행사하였는데, 이는 명백한 ‘종교적 제국주의’(religious imperialism)였다. 이러한 그의 종교적 제국주의는 그가 잉글랜드 의회파와 체결하였던 ‘엄숙동맹과 언약’(Solemn League and Covenant)에서 가장 노골적으로 드러난다. 비록 그의 정책은 실패하였지만 아가일과 언약파가 국가적 차원에서 추진하였던 제국주의적 시도 자체는 의미하는 바가 매우 크다. 1640년대 아가일 후작이 시행하였던 종교적 제국주의는 잉글랜드의 끊임없는 종교적 간섭과 위협에서 벗어나 스코틀랜드의 장로교를 온전히 수호할 수 있는 유일한 길이었다.
Abstract
This article is a study of the Marquess of Argyll (1607-1661) who was the de facto political leader of Scotland during the War of the Three Kingdoms. Argyll was the leader of the Covenant Movement which decided to take up arms against his king Charles I who was inclined to the Catholicism. Throughout the First and Second Bishop’s Wars, the Marquess of Argyll put all his effort and power to presbyterianize the Church of England. Through ‘religious imperialism’, the Marquess and his political allies used direct and indirect military power to facilitate Presbyterianism. This religious imperialism is explicitly demonstrated in the ‘Solemn League and Covenant’. Although his attempts failed, these wars bear national significance. This ‘religious imperialism’ was the only way to protect Scottish Presbyterianism from England’s constant religious threats and regulations.
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