A Scottish Vision of the Commonwealth - Union and Empire in the Thought of Sir Alexander Murray
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This article traces a distinctive tradition of Scottish thought about partnership relations between sister nations. Beginning with an examination of Scottish ideas about governance, trade, and economic development in the early modern period, the article explores the complex historical evolution and legacy of Scottish debates about the meaning of sovereignty and collaboration between nations. The Parliamentary Union between the kingdoms of England and Scotland shaped Scottish understandings of the need to accommodate diversity and difference in order to secure mutual benefits. Scots developed a compelling vision of cooperation and mutual benefits that worked outwards from the nations of the British Isles in the long eighteenth century to the constituent territories of the British Empire. These deep historical roots of Scottish thought about cooperation and interdependence laid an important foundation for the shared vision of a Community of Nations that grew into the modern Commonwealth in the Twentieth Century. In order to explore the historical evolution of this Scottish vision, we shall focus on the historiographically neglected arguments of the former Jacobite rebel turned Highland improver Sir Alexander Murray of Stanhope (1687-1743). This article aims to demonstrate that Murray was actually one of the most interesting commentators on the political and socioeconomic condition of Scotland in the first three or four decades after the Anglo-Scottish Parliamentary Union of 1707. Murray’s interpretation of Scottish problems in the first four decades after the Anglo-Scottish Union is of major historical significance in that the failed Jacobite rebellion of 1745 ensured that his focus on the impact of heritable jurisdictions in terms of law, power, society, and economy was eventually applied by the British state. An Act of the Westminster Parliament in 1747 abolished the Scottish heritable jurisdictions that Murray had so vehemently opposed. This represented an enormously significant transformation of the relationship between England and Scotland. It also facilitated the integration of the Scottish Highlands and Islands into the British Union and Empire. This led ultimately to the massive transfer of population from the Gaelic-speaking regions of Scotland to the countries that came to form the 20th Century Commonwealth.
Abstract
This article traces a distinctive tradition of Scottish thought about partnership relations between sister nations. Beginning with an examination of Scottish ideas about governance, trade, and economic development in the early modern period, the article explores the complex historical evolution and legacy of Scottish debates about the meaning of sovereignty and collaboration between nations. The Parliamentary Union between the kingdoms of England and Scotland shaped Scottish understandings of the need to accommodate diversity and difference in order to secure mutual benefits. Scots developed a compelling vision of cooperation and mutual benefits that worked outwards from the nations of the British Isles in the long eighteenth century to the constituent territories of the British Empire. These deep historical roots of Scottish thought about cooperation and interdependence laid an important foundation for the shared vision of a Community of Nations that grew into the modern Commonwealth in the Twentieth Century. In order to explore the historical evolution of this Scottish vision, we shall focus on the historiographically neglected arguments of the former Jacobite rebel turned Highland improver Sir Alexander Murray of Stanhope (1687-1743). This article aims to demonstrate that Murray was actually one of the most interesting commentators on the political and socioeconomic condition of Scotland in the first three or four decades after the Anglo-Scottish Parliamentary Union of 1707. Murray’s interpretation of Scottish problems in the first four decades after the Anglo-Scottish Union is of major historical significance in that the failed Jacobite rebellion of 1745 ensured that his focus on the impact of heritable jurisdictions in terms of law, power, society, and economy was eventually applied by the British state. An Act of the Westminster Parliament in 1747 abolished the Scottish heritable jurisdictions that Murray had so vehemently opposed. This represented an enormously significant transformation of the relationship between England and Scotland. It also facilitated the integration of the Scottish Highlands and Islands into the British Union and Empire. This led ultimately to the massive transfer of population from the Gaelic-speaking regions of Scotland to the countries that came to form the 20th Century Commonwealth.
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