1772년 영국 서머셋 재판(The Somerset Case) 판결의 실제와 대중적 이미지 연구
The Somerset Case in 1772: the Contents of the Written Judgement and Its Popular Images
2
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 1772년 서머셋 판결의 실재 내용과 그것에 대한 대중의 이해 사이에 간극이 발생한 이유를 고찰하고, 그것이 반노예제 운동의 발전에 담당한 역할을 분석하려는 시도이다. 서머셋 판결은 1770년대까지 영국 법원이 명확히 답을 하지 못한 두 가지 이슈, 즉 주인이 노예에 대해 가지는 권리의 성격과 노예제의 합법성에 관한 질문에 권위 있는 법적 판단을 내린 점에서 역사적 의미가 있다. 그러나 그것이 재해석되는 과정 속에서 판결을 내린 당사자의 의도와 다르게 이해되고 또 그렇게 이해된 바가 또다시 반노예제 담론 발전에 영향을 준 점에서도 그 의의가 찾아져야 한다. 판결문의 실제 내용과 대중적 이해의 간극은 일차적으로는 판결문 자체가 담고 있는 반노예제적 요소 때문에 발생하였다. 그리고 또한 이 판결의 반노예제적 요소를 강조한 몇 개의 법률분석이 시간이 흐름에 따라 이 사건에 대한 지배적인 해석으로 자리 잡게 된 것도 중요한 배경이 되었다. 맨스필드가 내린 법적 판단에서 노예의 권리 보호는 상당히 소극적인 것이었다. 하지만 역사 속의 많은 문서들이 그러하듯이 그의 판결문 또한 원작자의 의도에 억매이지 않고 곧 대중에게 다양한 의미로 이해되는 독립된 생명체가 되었다. 이러한 사례는 역사적 사실의 실제 내용뿐 아니라 대중의 인식 속에 수용된 내용 또한 역사 발전과정에 중요한 함의를 가진다는 것을 다시 한 번 일깨워 주고 있다.
Abstract
This study scrutinizes the space between a written judgement of the Somerset case and people’s understanding of it. It also analyzes the reasons why this difference arose and their contributions to the development of the antislavery discourses. The Somerset case has been conceived significant as it answered two main issues which the British courts had not replied yet until the 1770s: the nature of masters’ rights to slaves and legitimacy of slavery in Britain. However, it also has historical importance in that popular image of the ruling was quite different from Mansfield’s intention, but this perception still affects the developmental process of the antislavery movement. The gap between the actual contents of Mansfield’s decision and its popular image is mainly caused by the antislavery features of the document. Legal commentaries which emphasized the factors against slavery in this paper became prevalent and it also played an important role in widening this gap. Like many other historical documents, the ruling of the Somerset case became a living thing, independent from its original meaning and was accepted with diverse intentions and used by people for various purposes. This reflects that imagined reality as well as historical reality can affect the direction of the historical development at the same time.
참고문헌 (40)
- "Boston Gazette and Country Journal, 21 September 1772", ~
- "General Evening Post, 23 June 1772", ~
- "Gentleman's Magazine, 22 June 1772, (304 vols), XLII", F. Jeffries, ~
- "London Evening Post, 23 June 1772", ~
- "Middlesex Journal or Chronicle of Liberty, 23 June 1772", ~
- "St. James’ Chronicle, 23 June 1772", ~
- "The Arminian Magazine, for the Year 1787 (20 vols, X", The Arminian Magazine, ~
- "Bosanquet, John Bernard", Oliver D. Cooke, ~ (1826)
- Clarkson, Thomas, "The History of the Rise, Progress, and Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade, by the British Parliament. 2 vols" (1836), Published by James P. Parke
- Cowper, William, "The Task: With Tirocinium, and Selections from the Minor Poems, A. D. 1784-1799" (1896), Clarendon Press
- volume 4, "Douglas, Sylvester", Printed by Thomas Davison, ~ (1831)
- Reports of Cases in the High Court of Chancery, from 1757 to 1766: From the Original Manuscripts of Lord Chancellor Northington. 2 vols, I., "Eden, Robert Henley", J. Butterworth and son, ~ (1827)
- Edwards, Jonathan, "Works of Jonathan Edwards, vol. 16: Letters and Personal Writings" (1998), Yale University Press
- Estwick, Samuel, "Considerations on the Negroe Cause Commonly So Called, Addressed to the Right Honourable Lord Mansfield, Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench, Etc", J. Dodsley
- Garden, Alexander, "Six Letters to the Rev. Mr. George Whitefield", T. Fleet
- Haggard, John, "The Judgment of the Right Hon. Lord Stowell, Respecting the Slavery of the Mongrel Woman, Grace, on an Appeal from the Vice-Admiralty Court of Antigua, Michealmas Term, 1827" (1827), Printed by W. Benning
- Hargrave, Francis, "An Argument in the Case of James Sommersett, a Negro, Lately determined by the Court of King's Bench: Wherein It Is Attempted to Demonstrate the Present Unlawfulness of Domestic Slavery in England: to Which Is Prefixed A State of the Case", Printed for the Hargrave, Francis: And sold by W. Otridge
- Hoare, Prince, "Memoirs of Granville Sharp, Esq" (1820), Printed for Henry Colburn
- Reports of Cases Adjudged in the Court of King's Bench, from Easter Term .2 Geo. 3. to Michaelmas 14 Geo. 3, "Lofft, Capel", Printed by J. Moore, ~
- Mather, Cotten, "Magnalia Christi Americana: or, the Ecclesiastical History of New-England, from Its First Planting in the Year 1620 Unto the Year of Our Lord, 1698. 7 vols, III", pp.1702~, Printed for Park Burst
- Mather, Cotten, "The Negro Christianized. An Essay to Excite and Assist the Good Work, the Instruction of Negro-Servants in Christianity", Printed by B. Green
- Sharp, Granville, "A Representation of the Injustice and Dangerous Tendency of Tolerating Slavery, or of Admitting the Least Claim of Private Property in the Persons of Men, in England", Printed for Benjamin White ... and Robert Horsfield
- Whitefield, George, "Three Letters from the Reverend Mr. G. Whitefield: viz Letter III, To the Inhabitants of Maryland, Virginia, North and South-Carolina, Concerning Their Negroes", B. Franklin
- Baker, John Hamilton, "English Legal Manuscripts. 2 vols, I." (1975), Inter Documentation Company
- Brown, Christopher Leslie, "Moral Capital: Foundation of British Abolitionism" (2006), North Carolina University Press
- Cleve, George van, "“Somerset's Case" and Its Antecedents in Imperial Perspective", Law and History Review, 24(3) (2006)
- Faubert, Michelle, "Granville Sharp's Uncovered Letter and the Zong Massacre" (2018), Palgrave Pivot
- Fisher, Ruth Anna, "Granville Sharp and Lord Mansfield", The Journal of Negro History, 28 (1943)
- Holdsworth, William S., "A History of English Law" (1922), Methuen
- Lyall, Andrew, "Granville Sharp's Cases on Slavery" (2019), Hart Publishing
- Michals, Teresa, "“That Sole and Despotic Dominion": Slaves, Wives, and Game in Blackstone's Commentaries", Eighteenth-Century Studies, 27(2) (1993)
- Nadelhaft, Jerome, "The Somersett Case and Slavery: Myth, Reality, and Repercussions", The Journal of Negro History, 51(3) (1966)
- Oldham, James, "New Light on Mansfield and Slavery", Journal of British Studies, 27(1) (1988)
- Steedman, Carolyn, "Lord Mansfield's Women", Past and Present, (176) (2002)
- Swaminathan, Srividhya, "Debating the Slave Trade: Rhetoric of British National Identity, 1759–1815" (2009), Ashgate
- Thomas, Hugh, "The Slave Trade: the Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440-1870" (1997), Simon & Schuster
- Whyte, Iain, "Scotland and the Abolition of Black Slavery, 1756-1838" (2006), Edinburgh University Press
- Wiecek, William M., "The Sources of Anti-Slavery Constitutionalism in America, 1760-1848" (1977), Cornell University Press
- Weiner, Mark S., "New Biographical Evidence on Somerset's Case", Slavery and Abolition, 23 (2002)
- "Joseph Knight Case"[URL]