제임스 6세의『귀신론』(Daemonologie)과 왕권의 신성화
James VI’s Daemonologie and the Divine Right of Kingship
2
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 연구는 『귀신론』(1597)의 분석을 통해 16세기 말 스코틀랜드 왕 제임스 6세가 어떻게 왕권의 신성화를 추구하였는지를 분석한 것이다. 『귀신론』은 형식적으로는 마녀술의 존재와 마녀처벌을 주장하는 것이지만 암묵적으로는 왕권의 신성화를 추구하고 있다. 제임스는 마녀들이 악마와의 계약을 통해 악마의 하수인이 되었음을 강조하고 있는데 이는 신과의 언약에 들어간 자신을 드러내는 전략이다. 제임스는 『스코틀랜드 소식』에서 왕을 “신의 기름부은 받은 자”인 동시에 “악마의 가장 큰 대적”으로 언급하였는데 이는 『귀신론』에서 “신의 정당한 대리인”으로 묘사되었다. 제임스에게 있어서 왕권이란 신의 대리인으로서 악마를 대적하는 존재로 정의된 것이다. 『귀신론』에서 마녀술은 국왕에 대한 반역보다 더 무거운 최고의 반역으로 묘사되었는데 이는 신에 대한 반역이기 때문이다. 따라서 국왕의 최우선적이고 진정한 역할은 마녀를 엄격히 처벌하는 것이다. 마녀술에 대한 처벌은 오직 신에게만 책임을 지는 국왕의 참된 모습이다. 『귀신론』은 제임스가 마녀처벌에 열심인 자신을 이상적인 군주로 내세우는 전략이었다.
Abstract
This study examines how King James VI of Scotland justified the divine right of the kingship by analysing his Daemonologie (1597). James VI defined his kingship theory in the True Law of the Free Monarchy (1598). But it began from Newes From Scotland, a report of the North Berwick Witch-hunt of 1591. Daemonologie serves as the most important bridge in the making of his divine kingship theory. James VI's Daemonologie appears to asserts the existence of witchcraft and the punishment of witches, but implicitly seeks to emphasize the divine kingship. By arguing that witches became the devil’s servants through pacts with the devil, James reveals himself as a covenanted king with the God. In Newes From Scotland, James referred to the king as both “God’s anointed one” and “the devil’s greatest enemy”, which is described in Daemonologie as “God’s rightful lieutenant”. For James, a king could be defined as a lieutenant of God with a duty to opposes the devil. In Daemonologie, witchcraft is described as a high treason, heavier than a treason against the king, because it is rebellion against the God. Thus, James sees the king's primary and true role as punishing witches. In Daemonologie, the concept that the king is solely responsible to the God is defined in terms of the punishment of the witches rather than the exemption of responsibility toward the subjects. This was a strategy to present himself as an ideal monarch, as he had been passionate about punishing witches.
참고문헌 (31)
- Bernard, Richard, "Grand Jurymen", ~
- Bodin, Jean, "De la Demonamanie des Sorciers", ~
- W. K. Boyd, "Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Scotland and Mary Queen of Scots, 1547-1603, v. 10" (1936), H. M. Stationary Office
- Casaubon, Meric, "Credulity and Uncredulity", ~
- Glanvill, Joseph, "Philosophical Considerations touching Witches and Witchcraft", ~
- King James VI & I, "Daemonologie, in Forme of A Dialogue", ~
- King James VI & I, "Newes from Scotland", ~
- King James VI & I, "Political Writings" (1994), Cambridge Univertisy Press
- Melville, James, "Memoirs of his Own Life" (1827), Bannatyne Club
- Perkins, William, "Discoverie of the Damned Art of Witchcraft", ~
- Scot, Reginald, "Discoverie of Witchcraft", ~
- Bodin, Jean, "On the Demon-Mania of Witches" (1995), Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies
- Clark, Stuart, "The Damned Arts: Essays in the Literature of Witchcraft" (1977), Routledge
- Clark, Stuart, "Early Modern European Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries" (1993), Clarendon Press
- Dawson, Jane E. A., "Kings, Lords and Men in Scotland and Britain, 1300-1625: Essays in honour of Jenny Wormald" (2014), Edinburgh University Press
- Donaldson, Gordon, "Scottish Historical Documents" (1974), Scottish Academic Society
- Donaldson, Gordon, "The Scottish Reformation" (1960), Cambridge University Press
- Larner, Christian, "Witchcraft and Religion: The Politics of Popular Belief" (1984), Basil Blackwell
- Larner, Christian, "Enemies of God: The Witchhunt in Scotland" (2000), Redwood Books
- Levack, Brian, "Witch-Hunting in Scotland: La, Politics and Religion" (2008), Routledge
- Martin, Lauren, "Scottish Witch-Hunt in Context" (2002), Manchester University Press
- Maxwell-Stuart, P. G., "Satan’s Conspiracy: Magic and Witchcraft in Sixteenth Century Scotland" (2001), Tuckwell Press
- Normand, Lawrence, "Witchcraft in Early Modern Scotland: James VI’s Daemonologie and the North Berwick Witches" (2000), Exeter University Press
- Perkins, William, "Discourse of the Damned Art of Witchcraft, 3 Vols", ~
- Wormald, Jenny, "Freedom and Authority: Scotland c.1050-c.1650" (2000), Tuckwell Press
- Burke, Peter, "The Renaissance Dialogue", Renaissance Studies, 3, pp.1~12 (1989)
- Fischlin, Daniel, "‘Counterfeiting God’: James VI (I) and the politics of Daemonologie (1597)", Journal of Narrative Technique, 26, pp.1~29 (1996)
- Ford, John, "The Lawful Bonds of Scottish Society: the Five Articles of Perth, the Negative Confession and the National Covenant", The Historical Journal, 37, pp.45~64 (1994)
- 김중락, "스코틀랜드 고지대 친족제도의 발달", 영국연구, (32), pp.33~64 (2014), 영국사학회[DOI]
- 김중락, "노스버릭 마녀사냥과 제임스 6세의 왕권신수설", 대구사학, 147, pp.319~354 (2022), 대구사학회
- Torrance, John B., "The Covenant Concept in Scottish Theology and Politics and its Legacy", Scottish Journal of Theology, 34, pp.225~243 (1981)