여성임원이 기부금 지출에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Female Managers on Corporate Philanthropic Giving in Korean Listed Firms
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본 연구는 국내 상장기업에서 여성임원이 기부금 지출에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 2014년에서 2018년도까지 1,959개 기업의 8,877건의 관측 자료를 수집하여 패널토빗 분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내 상장기업에서 여성임원의 수는 기부금 지출 수준에 정(+)의 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 정(+)의 유의미한 관계는 기부금 지출의 측정 방법(매출액 대비 비중, 종업원 1인당 금액, 자산 대비 비중으로 측정)과 무관하게 모두 유의적으로 나타났다. 둘째, 표본 내 여성임원의 분포에 있어서 일부 대기업의 과도하게 높은 관측지로 인해 여성임원이 기부금 지출에 미치는 영향의 왜곡 가능성을 해소하기 위해 이상값을 통제한 후 투입한 실증 모형에서도 여성임원의 수는 기부금 지출에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 전체적으로 본 실증결과는 여성임원은 이타적이고 공동체적인 가치관을 바탕으로 기업의 자선적 활동인 기부금 지출에 긍정적 영향을 미친다는 선행 연구의 논의를 지지하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 본 연구는 국내 최초로 여성임원이 기부금 지출에 미치는 영향을 실증 분석함으로서 국내기업을 대상으로 여성임원이 기업 의사결정에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증적 부족을 메우고자 하였다. 또한 그간 여성임원이 기업 의사결정에 미치는 영향에 대한 논의가 여성의 경제참여 수준 및 기업 내 성평등 수준이 높은 서구 기업을 대상으로 전개되어 왔으나 본 연구는 여성의 기업 내 성평등 수준이 낮은 국가를 대상으로 적용함으로써 선행 연구의 실증 결과의 일반화에 기여하고자 하였다.
Abstract
Using 8,877 observations from 1,959 firms in Korean listed firms during 2014 to 2018, the study examines the impact of female managers on corporate philanthropic giving. The major findings as follow: First, there is a positive relationship between the number of female managers in top management teams and the extent of corporate philanthropic giving. The relation remains significant in all models where the extent of corporate philanthropic giving is measured differently in terms of the ratio of value of company donations to sales and assets, and the amount of company donations per employee, suggesting that female managers promote socially responsible practices due to their benevolent and communal traits as well as their social orientation. Second, the positive relationship between the number of female managers in top management teams and the extent of corporate philanthropic giving remains unchanged where the number of female managers in top management teams is winsorized in order to correct the effect of few outlier. The results overall support that female managers on top management teams have positive effects on corporate philanthropic giving in Korean listed firm where women’s the chances of equal treatment at work is worse. These findings have academic and practical implications for understanding the impact of the role of top managers gender diversity on corporate social responsible practices
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