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UAV 산업 경쟁력 강화를 위한 규제 정책 방향성 고찰 : 글로벌 사례와 SWOT 분석을 중심으로

A Study on Regulatory Policy Directions to Strengthen the Competitiveness of the UAV Industry : Focusing on Global Cases and SWOT Analysis

안홍환|정예림|황민호
한국전문경영인학회|2024.11|전문경영인연구 (Journal of CEO and Management Studies)|제27권 제4호|pp. 195-221|DOI https://doi.org/10.37674/CEOMS.27.4.10

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키워드

SWOT 분석SWOT analysis기술 혁신Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)규제 정책Technological innovation무인항공기(UAV)경쟁력 깅화Regulatory policyCompetitive disruption

초록

무인항공기(UAV)는 군사적 용도를 넘어 상업, 산업, 공공안전 분야로 빠르게 확산되고 있으며,기술 발전에 따라 그 응용 범위가 계속 확장되고 있다. UAV 산업 활성화와 국제 경쟁력 확보를위해서는 효과적인 규제 정책이 필요하나, 현재 심층적인 연구는 부족한 상황이다. 본 연구는미국, 유럽연합(EU), 중국, 한국의 UAV 관련 법률과 규제 정책을 체계적으로 분석하고,SWOT 분석을 통해 각국 UAV 산업의 강점, 약점, 기회, 위협을 평가하였다. 분석 결과,미국은 공역 안전을 강화하는 상업적 UAV 운영 규제를 발전시키고 있으나 복잡한 절차가성장의 장애 요소로 작용한다. 중국은 급성장하는 드론 시장에 맞춰 규제를 강화했으나, 기술발전 속도에 따른 갱신의 어려움이 있다. 유럽연합은 통합 규제를 도입했으나, 국가별 차이와비가시권 비행 (BVLOS) 제한이 상업적 확장을 제한하고 있다. 한국은 규제 샌드박스를 통해기술 혁신을 촉진하지만, 복잡한 절차와 해외 기술 의존성이 문제로 남아 있다. 본 연구는한국 UAV 산업의 경쟁력 강화를 위해 BVLOS 규제 완화, 유연한 규제 체계, 글로벌 표준준수, 보안 및 프라이버시 문제 해결을 핵심 과제로 제시한다. 학술적으로 본 연구는 UAV규제 정책의 비교·분석을 통해 법적·제도적 논의를 확장하고, 실무적으로는 규제 개선 필요성을 인식하도록 유도하며 정책 결정자와 산업 종사자에게 가이드라인을 제공한다. 드론 기업들은 각국의 규제 동향을 파악하고 대응 전략을 수립하여 글로벌 경쟁력을 높일 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are increasingly applied in commercial, industrial, and public safety sectors, and their scope of application continues to expand with technological advancement. Effective regulatory policies are essential to support UAV industry growth and international competitiveness, yet research on UAV regulation remains limited. This study analyzes UAV-related laws and regulations in the United States, European Union (EU), China, and South Korea using a SWOT analysis to assess industry strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Findings reveal that the U.S. has developed regulations for commercial UAV operations to enhance airspace safety, but complex regulatory procedures hinder industry growth. China has tightened regulations to support its fast-growing drone market but struggles to keep up with technological advancements, while South Korea promotes innovation through regulatory sandboxes yet still faces challenges with complex procedures and reliance on foreign technology. Key recommendations for enhancing Korea’s UAV industry include easing BVLOS restrictions, creating a flexible regulatory framework, aligning with global standards, and addressing security and privacy concerns. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders, highlighting regulatory improvements as essential to the UAV industry’s advancement.

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