지방문화재의 보존과 원형 왜곡 - 경상감영(慶尙監營)과 대구부(大邱府) 관아의 사례

Abstract

Cultural asset is an important indicator to show history and landscape of one society at a certain time, and thus it must maintain and preserve its original form. However, by virtue of natural weathering, wars, fires as well as systematic destruction by Japanese authorities and transformation in the course of modernization in the 1960s, much of traditional architecture among remaining cultural assets has lost its original form. Even after enactment of the Cultural Properties Protection Law in 1962, preserving local cultural assets which were excluded from nationally appointed cultural assets has been assumed by local governments and, in turn, many problems such as distortion in the original shape and carelessness in protection remain unresolved. Governor's Offices and local government offices of the Joseon Dynasty are not only a place where government officials work and live, but also a political community where people including all types of social classes - low-ranking government official, rank and file, slave, gisaeng, etc. lives together. In this light, it is worth preserving Governor's Offices and local government offices as the way they were at a certain time. Seeking ways that restore the buildings to their original forms is meaningful to us in terms of both developing tourist resources of cultural heritage and showing changes of politics and society in the 20th century Korea. Keeping this in mind, the article explores how major traditional architecture of Daegu Metropolitan City has been transformed and evolved in the course of Japanese imperialist rule, liberation, and modernization. Furthermore,　comparing historical records, I figure out what transformation and distortion in the buildings took place, and suggest plans for correcting these problems. To this end, the focus of my research is on the buildings of Gyeongsang Governor's Office, including Seonhwadang (listed first among the Local Tangible Cultural Asset of Daegu Metropolitical City), Jingchunggak (listed second), Gwanfungnu, as well as the buildings of Government Office of Daegu metropolitan area that have been nothing left in the original forms.