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이슬람 사원 건물 형태 논쟁에 대한 비교문화적 접근 - 전지구화와 건축 이미지의 담론 재구성

A Comparative Approach to the Debate of Islamic Mosque‘s Architectural Style: Globalization and Re - configuration of Architectural Discourses

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초록

이 연구는 최근 한국과 동아시아 일부 지역에서 이슬람 사원을 재건축하거나보수하는 과정에서 그 건축디자인이 사회 안에서 어떤 의미로 인식되고 해석될 것인가에 대한 질문으로 시작되었다. 이를 위해 비교문화적 차원의 준거자료를 찾던중 유럽과 미국에서 전개되었던 이슬람 사원 건축을 둘러싼 논쟁을 발견했으며, 거기서 이슬람 원리주의 운동에 대한 부정적 인식과 그에 대한 반작용 차원으로보는 ‘상식적 시각’의 해석이 반복되고 있음을 발견했다. 그런데 중국 및 동남아시아 이슬람 사원 건축 디자인에 대한 자료를 찾아보면서, 서유럽의 논쟁에서 사용되는 개념과 이미지요소들이 완전히 다른 맥락에서 해석되는 것을 발견하게 되었다. 이렇게 각 지역의 역사적 맥락 안에서 상이하게 전개되는 이슬람 사원 건축디자인에 대한 해석을 이해하기 위한 방법으로 이 연구에서는 주로 2차 자료에 근거한 문화간 비교작업을 통해 각 지역의 이슬람 사원 건축 디자인에 대한 담론들을 상대화 시키고자 했다. 비교분석 결과, 각 지역과 시대의 역사적 특수성에 따라 이슬람 사원의 같은건축적 구성요소가 다르게 적용되고 해석되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 전통시대를 넘어 현대로 오면서 나타나는 극적인 변화도 나타났다. 특히 서구 주도의 식민주의에 따른 세계화, 그리고 다시 20세기 중반 이후 각국의 독립과 그에 뒤이은 인구이동 및 통신, 교통의 급속한 발전에 의해 가속화되는 전지구화 현상이 이슬람 사원 건축 스타일에 대한 담론에서도 역동적인 조합을 이루며 여러 가지 성격변화를 낳고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 같은 비교연구 결과는 추후 구체적인각 지역사례를 연구할 때 유용한 분석적 준거로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

This study begins with the questions on the perceptions and interpretations of Islamic mosque buildings in East Asia. In the searching process of comparative cases, the author found some meaningful development of debate on the architectural style of Islamic mosque buildings in Europe and Southeast Asia, in comparison to the relative rarity of mosque building discourses in East Asia. Getting the knowledge about contextual differences of symbolic discourses mosque architecture, this study tried to acquire some enlarged view of contexts even taking the risks of over-simplification in its' interpretation. With above problematic and findings, this article tries a cultural comparison approach as follows: 1) study of discourses on the Islamic mosque building styles in China and in Southeast Asian countries where Islam has become one of major religions 2) historical retrospective of discourses on the Islamic mosque building in Europe since late 19th century. Comparative analysis of architectural style discourses in these various regions gave hence some rearrangement of views, especially on the perceptions of each society on the architectural elements of mosque buildings in their historical context. Such re-organized understanding of architectural discourse of mosque buildings also goes with its’ proper symbolic, political, and economic circumstances. One of remarkable aspect for such circumstances would be the globalization. Considerable impacts of global media and human migration are now in the process of decreasing regional specificity on the meaning of mosque buildings’ architectural style. Consequently, it appears that the traditional cultural vessel of time/ space structures are ceding the place to some unprecedented composition of time/ space which functions in new circumstance of high mobility.

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