Intergenerational Conflict, Identity Development, andAssimilation of the Children of Korean Immigrant
Intergenerational Conflict, Identity Development, and Assimilation of the Children of Korean Immigrant
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미국 내 한국인 이민자 가정 속에서 나타나고 있는 세대간 갈등의 주요한 근원은 부모들이 갖고 있는 한국 문화와 자녀들이 갖게 된 주류 문화 사이에 문화적 격차의 결과 때문이라고 알려져 있다. 곧, 이민자의 자녀들이 학교에서 습득한 평등주의가 그들의 부모가 갖고 있는 연령 위계적 규칙과 권위와 갈등을 일으킨다. 이 논문은 두 가지 자료 - 한국인 이민자 가정에서 사 - 에 기초하여 다음과 같은 두 개의 물음에 대하여 탐사하였다: 이민자 자녀들이 부모와 갈등을 보이는 것이 어느 정도나 문화적 격차의 결과인가? 그리고 한국인 이민자의 자녀들이 주류 사회와 동화되는 과정에서 이 같은 세대간 갈등이 갖는 의미는 무엇인가? 이 논문의 데이터는 이민 2세가 부모세대에 대해서 일으키는 세대갈등에는 인종에 관한 요인도 작용하고 있음을 보여준다. 그리고 또한 인상적인 유형은 이 자녀들이 성숙함에 따라 한국 문화로 점차 통합되는 측면이다. 성장한 자녀들이 한국의 종족 문화 속으로 재통합되는 유형과 함께, 부모와 자녀 사이의 세대간 갈등은 점진적으로 감소한다. 또한 이 논문이 발견한 다른 점은 가정에서 한국의 종족 문화를 유지하는 것이 부모와 자녀 간의 갈등이 낮은 수준에 있는 것과 강하게 연관되어 있다는 사실이다. 아울러 한국어의 높은 능력을 가진 2세 구성원들이 한국어를 잘 못하는 자녀들보다 그들의 부모들과 갈등을 훨씬 덜 일으키며, 보다 건강한 자아감을 발달시키고, 또한 주류 문화에 보다 잘 적응하는 경향이 있다. 이로써, 이 논문은 한국인 이민자 가정에서 문화적 연속성을 유지하는 것이 부모와 자녀 간 세대 갈등에 중재자가 되며 자녀들의 안정된 정체성의 근원이 되고, 그 결과 새로운 문화적 상황에 보다 잘 적응하게 된다는 것을 결론적으로 제안하였다.
Abstract
The major source of intergenerational conflict in Korean immigrant homes in the United States has been described as a result of cultural gap between the ethnic culture experienced by parents and mainstream culture practiced by children. The egalitarianism that children are taught at school is assumed to come into conflict with the age-hierarchical rules and authority of their immigrant parents. Based on the data drawn from two sources, twelve in-depth interviews of the grown children of Korean immigrants, and 151 respondents to a survey questionnaire, this paper explores the following questions: What extent the conflict with parents is the result of a culture gap, and what is the meaning of intergenerational conflict in the assimilation process of the children of Korean immigrants. The data in this study seemed to suggest that the second generation conflicts were also about race. There is also an impressive pattern of resurgence of Korean integration that comes with maturity. With this pattern of grown children’s reintegration into their Korean ethnic culture, the intergenerational conflict progressively diminished. It was also found that maintenance of Korean ethnic culture at home was strongly associated with a low level of parent-child conflict. The second generation members with a high competence of Korean language are much less likely to have conflict with their immigrant parents, develop the healthier sense of self, and better adapt to the mainstream culture than those with a low level of competence. Thus, it is suggested that cultural-continuity in Korean immigrant homes become a moderator of intergenerational conflict and a source of stable identity for children, and thereby, better adapted to the new cultural context.
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