강력범죄 피해자의 외상 후 스트레스 증상 및 예측요인에 대한 탐색적 연구
An Exploratory Study on Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms of Violent Crime Victims and Predictors of Symptoms
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본 연구는 강력범죄 피해자의 외상 후 스트레스 증상과 증상 심각도에 영향을 미치는 관련요인들을 확인하고자 하였다. 이에 강력범죄피해자 통합지원 기관에 등록된 피해자 473명으로부터 얻어진 자료를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 90% 이상이 유의미한 정도의 PTSD 증상을 경험 중이었으며 그 중 30%는 약물치료나 입원치료를 요할 정도의 극심한 정신적 혼란상태에 있었다. 성별, 사건 후 전문기관 내원 시 까지 소요된 시간, 사건 전 적응 수준, 사건 유형에 따른 후유증의 심각도에 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 피해자가 피해자의 가족에 비해 더 심각한 회피와 과각성 증상을 경험하는 것으로 나타났지만, 가족이 겪는 심리적 고통이 피해자가 경험하는 고통에 비해 결코 가볍지는 않았다. 사건의 심리학적 후유증은 아동기 외상경험이 많을수록, 자아탄력성이 부족할수록, 지각된 사회적 지지 수준이 낮을수록, 해리경향이 강할수록, 그리고 회피적인 대처방식을 많이 사용할수록 심각해지는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 단계적 회귀분석 결과, 회피적인 대처방식이 외상 후 스트레스 증상의 유의미한 예측요인으로 나타났으며, 전체 변량의 10.6%를 설명했다. 본 연구의 제한점과 함의에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the posttraumatic stress symptoms of violent crime and predictors to the symptoms. For this, we analyzed data of 473 victims registered to the integrated supporting center for violent crime victims who agreed to participate in the study. The results showed that more than 90% of victims experience significant PTSD symptoms, 30% of them were in extreme mental confusion that required medication or hospitalization. There was a significant difference in the severity of sequela according to gender, time since visiting to the center, pre-event adaptation level, and event type. Although the victim experienced more avoidance and hypervigilance symptoms than the family, the psychological distress experienced by the family was not less than that of the victim. Psychological sequela of the events were found to be more severe with more experiences of childhood trauma, lack of ego resilience, low level of perceived social support, strong dissociation tendency, and avoiding coping styles. A result of the stepwise regression analysis, avoidant coping style explained 10.6% of the total variance. Limitations and implications of this study were discussed.
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