제롬 베리맨(Jerome W . Berryman)의 어린이영성교육 연구－인지주의 어린이교육에 대한 비판적 성찰－
Study on Children’s Spirituality Education of Jerome W. Berryman: Critical Reflection on Cognitivism of Children’s Education
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본 연구는 지금까지 어린이교육에 결정적 영향을 미쳐왔던 인지주의적 어린이교육을비판적으로 성찰하고 새로운 관점의 어린이교육론을 제시하고자 제롬 베리맨의 어린이영성교육론을 탐구한 논문이다. 이 논문은 어린이이해, 인식론, 교수론을 어린이교육의 방향을 결정짓는 핵심요소라고 보고 이 세 가지의 틀로 연구를 진행하고 있다. 그 동안의 어린이교육이 인지논리성, 언어표현능력을 기반으로 어린이의 종교적 사고능력의 미성숙성을 강조하였다면, 이 연구는 어린이를 종교적 사고, 영적 탐구에 열려있는 존재로 인정해야 함을 피력하고 있다(어린이이해). 또한 본 연구는 합리성, 인지성에 집중된 종교교육은종교교육적 앎의 독특성을 상실하고 있고 ‘감각적 유추’ 능력이라는 어린이의 영적 앎의방식을 간과하고 있음을 지적하고 있다. 또한 신앙교육은 하위적 앎의 차원, 즉 정신적 차원이나 감각적 차원을 넘어서서 영적 앎의 형태를 취해야 함을 강조하고, 이성과 감각의영역에 머물러 있는 인지주의적 종교교육의 한계를 비판하고 있다(인식론). 더 나아가 본연구는 어린이의 인지－이성에 겨냥한 교수방식을 넘어서서 어린이의 전(全)감각성과 신앙의 초월성, 영성, 비언어성, 비지시성 등에 근거한 신앙교수의 필요성을 강조하고 있다(교수론). 한국교회는 어린이의 인지성, 언어성을 넘어서서 어린이의 영적 본질과 가치를 전제하는 교육이 절대적으로 필요로 하며, 보다 더 통전적인 어린이 이해, 인식론, 교수론을 추구해야 함을 시사해 주고 있다.
Abstract
This research paper reflects critically on cognitivism of children’s education which had made decisive impact on their education until now. It also proposes a new perspective on the theory of education on children by studying the Educational Theory of Children’s Spirituality by Jerome Berryman. This paper conducts its research by taking into its premise three essential requisites that decide the direction of children’s education. They are understanding children, epistemology, and didactics. Until recently,it was understood that children’s education has been focusing on cognitive logicality, uniformity, and language expression capability and overemphasizing children’s immaturity on religious reflection. In paper they are acknowledged as individuals that are invited for religious reflection and spiritual exploration(Understanding Children). This paper also indicates that religious education, which focuses on rationality and cognition, will result in a loss of uniqueness of religious education,because it ignores children’s method for gaining spiritual knowledge which is the ‘sensorial analogy’ capacity. Religious education emphasizes on overcoming subordinate understanding levels, which are psychological and sensory levels, in order to attain spiritual understanding. Furthermore,this research indicates the limitation of cognitive religious education,because it remains in the level of rationality and senses (Epistemology). Also, this paper emphasizes on the need for religious education that uses the whole senses of a child, the transcendence of faith, spirituality,non-verbalism, non-intervention etc. to overcome teaching technique that focuses on children’s cognitivity-reasoning(Didactics). Finally, the Korean Church must overcome a simple assessment of a child’s cognition and verbalism, and needs education system that takes into its prerequisites the spiritual essence and value. The study also makes an implication for the need to pursue the wholeness of understanding children, epistemology, and didactics.
참고문헌 (20)
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