재무걱정(Financial Worry)과 심리적 오류 - 자기과신(Overconfidence)과 후회회피(Regret Aversion)를 중심으로 -
Financial Worry and Psychological Biases - Focusing on Overconfidence and Regret Aversion -
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 재무걱정을 많이 하는 소비자의 특성을 밝히고 재무걱정 수준에 영향을 미치는 사회인구학적, 재무적, 심리적 오류와 관련 요인들에 대한 상대적 영향력을 밝히고자 하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 전국의 20세 이상 증권사 및 보험사 상품에 가입한 경험이 있는 개인 450명을 대상으로 2012년 11월 5일부터 2주간 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 재무걱정 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인은 성별, 연령, 소득수준, 자기과신과 후회회피로 나타났으며, 심리 변수인 자기과신이나 후회회피의 영향력이 상대적으로 더 컸다. 즉 자기과신이 가장 낮은 수준의 소비자들이나 후회회피가 가장 높은 소비자들이 재무걱정을 많이 한다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 소비자가 양호한 재무상태를 유지하면서도 자신감 부족이나 후회회피와 같은 심리적 오류로 인해 재무걱정에 빠질 수 있고, 이러한 재무걱정이 소비자의 합리적인 결정을 방해할 수 있음을 시사해 주고 있다. 따라서 향후 재무교육은 소비자 스스로 자신들의 잠재된 심리적 오류를 인식하고 극복할 수 있도록 행동재무학적 관점의 재무 상담 및 교육 프로그램을 개발해야 할 것이며 재무설계사들은 재무적 측면은 물론 심리적 오류로 인한 재무걱정을 해소해 줌으로써 소비자가 합리적인 재무의사결정을 할 수 있도록 돕는 재무상담 서비스를 제공하는 것이 필요하다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of consumers who have lots offinancial worry and clarify the demographic, financial and psychological factors influencingfinancial worry. Data was collected by surveying 450 individuals who are over 20 years old andhave signed up for any insurance policy or investment product. As results, gender, age, income,and psychological factors such as overconfidence and regret aversion were significant variablesaffecting the level of financial worry. It was noted that psychological factors were morepowerful than demographic or financial literacy. This means that consumers can have lots offinancial worry because of their psychological bias even though they have good financial status. It is considered that financial education and counseling program need to be updated based onbehavioral finance perspective so that consumers can make a rational decision making byrevising their psychological bias.
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