연속거래 맥락에서 고객만족과 서비스 품질사이의 관계에 대한 고찰 - 관계품질과 관계기간의 조절효과를 중심으로 -
Relationship between Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality in the Context of Consecutive Transactions - Focused on Moderating Effect of Relationship Quality and Period -
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초록
서비스 품질과 고객만족의 관계를 탐색한 초기 연구자들은 고객만족이 특정 거래에 한정된 평가인 반면 서비스 품질은 거래과정 전반에 대한 평가라고 생각하여 특정 거래에 대한 평가가 축적되면 서비스 전반에 대한 평가로 이어지기 때문에 고객만족이 서비스 품질 인식에 영향을 줄 수 있다고 주장하였다. 그러나 최근의 연구들은 서비스 품질을 태도의 관점에서 바라보는 것이 옳다고 주장하면서 거래와 관련된 평가의 특성을 갖고 있는 서비스 품질이 거래의 결과물로써 형성된 태도인 고객만족에 영향을 준다고 주장하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 논란이 생긴 한가지 원인으로서 선행 연구에서 연구자들이 소비자들의 거래를 바라보았던 시각과 범위의 차이에 초점을 맞추고 소비자들의 거래가 반복되는 상황에서 두 개념 사이의 인과관계를 다시 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한 서비스 품질과 관련된 개념들 사이에서 발견되는 인과관계의 비선형성은 서비스가 제공되는 맥락에서의 특정 요인에 따라 영향을 받을 가능성이 높다고 가정하고 이러한 관점을 설명하는 한가지 대안으로서 관계품질과 관계기간의 역할을 추가로 확인하였다. 가설 1은 소비자들의 거래를 여러 단계에 걸쳐 살필 경우 이번 거래에서의 고객만족은 다음 번 거래에서의 서비스 품질 인식에 영향을 주는 이월효과가 있을 것이라는 가정에서 출발하였다. 가설 1은 연속 거래가 발생하는 맥락에서 확인하였는데 분석 결과 거래 1에서의 고객만족은 거래 2에서의 서비스 품질 인식에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타나 가설 1을 지지하고 있었다. 가설 2와 가설3은 서비스 기업과 고객 사이에 형성된 관계변수들에 따라 가설 1에서 확인된 이월효과의 정도가 상이할 것이라는 추론에서 출발하였다. 본 연구는 고객이 서비스 기업과 형성한 관계관련 변수들을 관계품질과 관계기간으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 서비스 접점에서 고객과 기업 사이에 형성된 관계품질은 이번 거래에서의 고객만족이 다음 번 거래에서의 서비스 품질 인식에 영향을 주는 이월효과를 조절하는 것으로 나타났으나 관계기간에서는 이러한 조절효과를 확인할 수 없었다.
Abstract
In the current research, the authors introduce a comprehensive model to investigate a carryover effect of customer satisfaction on service quality over time based on consumption-system approach (Mittal et al. 1999). Following Oliver(1997) who posits that satisfaction in the previous transaction affects the subsequent transaction, the authors hypothesize(H1) that customer satisfaction in the first transaction affects perceived service quality at the subsequent transaction. As expected, the results show that customer satisfaction for course A in the first transaction has a positive effect on perceived service quality of course B in the following transaction, supporting hypothesis 1. Relationship Quality(H2) and Relationship Period(H3) are also employed as moderator variables that impact the relationship between customer satisfaction and service quality. Relationship Quality, which is formed based on previous experience, helps satisfied customer to build a positive stance towards a service provider. For example, if customers who are satisfied and develop a high level of relationship quality after a transaction, customers will be likely to perceive a higher service quality in the next transaction. On the other hand, for those who do not develop a high level of relationship quality after a transaction, customer satisfaction will not lead to an increased level of perceived service quality in the next transaction. The results support the hypothesis 2. However, Relationship period does not show significant moderating effect on carryover effect of customer satisfaction at first transaction on service quality at subsequent transaction. It does not support the hypothesis 3.
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