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서비스품질, 고객만족, 고객충성도의 인과관계에서 관계품질의 조절효과 - 종합주류 도매업을 중심으로 -

The Moderating Effect of Relationship Quality on Causal Relationship between Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Customer Loyalty - Focused on Alcoholic Liquors Wholesale Business -

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키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

최근 고객과 서비스 기업의 상호작용을 기반으로 한 관계적 자산에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라 고객과 서비스 기업 사이에 형성되는 관계품질에 대한 관심도 함께 증가하고 있다. 최근 많은 연구자들이 관계품질에 주목하게 된 가장 큰 이유는 서비스 기업이 고객과의 관계품질 형성을 통하여 서비스품질 인식, 고객만족, 고객충성도, 매출과 이윤의 증대 등 다양한 긍정적인 효과를 기대할 수 있기 때문이다. 이번 연구는 서비스 산업에서 관계품질을 고객의 입장에서 재해석하여 서비스의 상호작용이 발생하는 접점에 따라 ‘고객-종업원 관계품질’과 ‘고객-기업 관계품질’로 분리하여 조사․분석하였다. 고객과 회사 또는 고객과 종업원 사이에 형성된 관계품질이 서비스품질, 고객만족, 그리고 고객충성도 사이에 형성되는 인과관계를 조절할 것이라는 가정 하에 연구를 진행하였다. 그리고 최근 독점에서 경쟁체제로 변하고 있는 대표적인 서비스 산업중 하나인 종합주류 도매업을 대상으로 자료를 수집하고 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 첫째, 고객-종업원 관계품질은 서비스품질, 고객만족, 고객충성도 사이에서 인과관계가 형성되는 과정을 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 정리하면 고객-종업원 관계품질이 높은 집단은 그렇지 않은 집단에 비하여 서비스품질과 고객만족사이의 경로계수 그리고 고객만족과 고객충성도 사이의 경로계수에서 보다 강한 인과관계를 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 고객-회사 관계품질은 서비스품질, 고객만족, 고객충성도 사이에서 의미있는 조절효과를 확인하기 어려웠다. 구체적으로 논의하면 고객-회사 관계품질이 높은 집단은 그렇지 않은 집단과 비교하였을 때 서비스품질과 고객만족 사이의 경로계수와 고객만족과 고객충성도 사이의 경로계수에서 큰 차이를 확인할 수 없었다. 이러한 결과는 서비스 기업과 고객 간에 형성되는 관계품질을 보다 세분화해서 살펴볼 경우 서비스품질과 고객만족 그리고 고객충성도 사이의 관계에 대한 이해를 보다 넓혀줄 수 있으며 고객의 관점을 고려할 경우 현장에서 접하는 종업원과 형성된 관계품질이 고객들이 인식하는 서비스품질이나 고객만족 그리고 고객충성도의 형성과정과 밀접한 관련성이 있다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다.

Abstract

At all industries and companies under the competitive environments, all CEO and marketing administrators established various of marketing strategies. They are trying to do their best to meet rapidly changing needs and wants of customers. In this rapidly changing times, relationship quality gets attention from managers and scholars due to increased attention toward interchanging effect between customer and service company. This study tries to probe the effect of relationship quality since it is believed that it contributes to build service quality, customer loyalty, increase of sales, and positive word of mouth. Thus, this study elicits the following hypothesis based on literature reviews that relationship quality might moderate the causal relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. In addition, this study specifies relationship quality into 2 types of quality such as customer-employee relationship and customer-company relationship according to the features of service encounter customer met. After analyzing data gathering through this study, we found that customer-employee relationship quality moderates the causal relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. The group with high customer-employed relationship quality shows more strong causal relationship between focal variables probed. This outcomes supports hypothesis 1. However, customer-company relationship quality does not influence the causal relationship we are interested in this study. Especially, the group with high customer-company relationship quality do not show any meaningful difference in coefficient parameter linked to focal service variables. This outcome does not support hypothesis 2. This study explains that the specification of relationship quality help us to improve our understanding about the interchanging effect of customer and service company. It is believed that service company should make effect to improve customer-employee relationship quality to get more profits from customer.

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