성범죄 피해아동의 진술의 신빙성 판단 기준 - 독일법원판결을 중심으로 -
To Psychological Assessment of the Credibility of Testimonies in Children by German Court
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공판중심주의를 지향하는 형사재판에서 진술증거의 중요성은 점점 증대하고 있다. 재판결과의 성패를 좌우할 수도 있다. 그러나 사람의 말이 진실한 것인지를 판단하는 것은 재판에서 가장 어려운 문제이기도 하다. 특히 진술자가 아동일 경우에는 더욱 어려운 상황에 봉착한다. 우선 아동의 경우 진술방법이나 논리적 서술의 정확성이 떨어지기 때문에 진술내용을 파악하는 데에 상당한 어려움이 따른다. 이들이 성폭력 범죄의 피해자일 경우 판단의 어려움은 배가한다. 아동에 대한 성범죄의 경우, 그 법정형이 다른 범죄에 비해 이례적으로 높아 피해자 진술의 신빙성에 대한 법원의 판단은 매우 중요하다. 이 논문에서는 독일 판결 중에서 성범죄 피해아동의 진술을 중심으로 한 대표적인 판결을 살펴보고 독일에서 아동진술의 신빙성 판단이 아떻게 발전해 왔는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통하여 우리나라에서 점증하고 있는 성범죄 피해아동의 진술 신빙성 판단에 참고가 될 수 있을 것으로 본다.
Abstract
The statement psychology is a branch of applied psychology. It is about the psychological evaluation of witnesses and their statements in court. Herein both the determination of characteristics of the personality of the witness–credibility of the witness and his testimony–credibility are the testimony contained–. The usual procedure in criminal credibility assessments are carried out primarily at children–especially in processes of Sexualdelikte–. Following the BGH decision of 30.7.1999 the meaning of the statement history is carved in testimonies of children for the credibility of the expert opinions on Worms processes. The statement history is understood as a complex psychological process in which not only the children, but also the parties involved. The observed in children during the survey period changes in their opinions, feelings and motives and the resulting effects on her statement and her testimony behavior are under the review thoroughly examined and evaluated accordingly. The characteristic of the Wormser processes(negotiating the LG Mainz) was their scope (3 parallel proceedings Worms I, II and III) and its duration, ie from early 1994 to June 1997. The first statements of children were already in mid–1993 before. The reimbursement of expert opinion on the statements of six children(Worms I), lasted from May to October 1996(20 days of the trial), a record in the history of German law. The six defendants as well as any other in the parallel proceedings were acquitted. The Wormser processes have shown that the design of, the period of the first statements of the children until the trial must be understood in a much more complex meaning than a psychological process should be seeing. These must include not only the children concerned, their statement behavior and statements, but also the responsible party to the proceedings, such as prosecutor, the supervisor of the children who had conversations with the children and they asked, and partly also the experts, who had examined the children on behalf of the prosecution. When the children show up at this time those developments and changes in their statements and their testimony behavior that are detected by the appraiser in lightening and analysis of the origin and history of the statement.
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