야엘의 시스라 암살(삿 4-5): 경계인으로서 약자의 생존 방법
Jael’s Assassination of Sisera: As the Survival Method of the Marginalized Minority (Judg. 4-5)
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초록
사사기 4-5장은 이스라엘과 가나안의 전쟁에 대하여 기록하고 있다. 이스라엘은 20년 동안 가나안 왕 야빈에 의해 심하게 학대받던 과거를 뒤로하고 마침내 가나안과의 전쟁을 승리로 장식하게 된다. 흥미로운 부분은 이야기의 절정에서 전쟁에 결정적인 역할을 한 인물은 이스라엘의 사사나 장군이 아닌 겐족의 여인 야엘이었다는 점이다. 야엘이 시스라를 암살하는 것은 여러 가지 측면에서 어려운 일이었다. 여인으로서 남성 장수를 죽이는 것은 위험한 일이다. 환대의 규례를 위반하면서 방문객을 죽이는 것도 윤리적인 문제가 제기 될 수 있는 일이었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 본문은 야엘이 시스라를 암살하는 동기를 포함하고 있지 않다. 본 논문은 시스라를 암살할 수밖에 없었던 야엘의 상황에 대해서 환대의 윤리, 페미니스트 성서해석, 사회과학적 비평 등을 통해 연구한 후 이스라엘과 가나안의 경계선상에 있던 겐족의 생존의 관점에서 해석한다.
Abstract
Judges 4-5 records the war between Israel and Canaan. After twenty years of oppression by Canaan’s king, Jabin, Israel eventually won the battle against Canaan. In the story’s climax, the person who played the most decisive role in the war was Jael, the Kenite woman, rather than the judge or general of Israel. Jael’s assassination of Sisera was difficult in many ways. First, it would have been extremely dangerous to kill a male general as a woman. Killing, which violates the rules of hospitality, could also cause ethical problems. Nevertheless, the text does not include Jael’s motive for assassinating Sisera. This paper explores Jael’s situation, where she was forced to assassinate Sisera, through the ethics of hospitality, an interpretation of feminist biblical texts, and the framework of social science criticism. This study interprets Jael’s motive as being based on the Kenites’ survival on the border between Israel and Canaan.
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