내러티브 이론으로 보는 피해자 회복탄력성 연구: 국가폭력 피해자들의 자전적 내러티브와 고통의 의미생성을 중심으로
A Research on Victims’ Resilience through Narrative theories: Victims’ autobiographical narratives and meaning-making to suffering after state-led violence
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본 연구는 한국전쟁 당시에 일어났던 민간인 학살 피해자들에게서 나타나는 회복탄력성을 내러티브 이론을 통하여 분석하였다. 전쟁 후 70년의 세월이 지났음에도 여전히 부족한 사회적 인정과 미완의 배・보상의 과정에서 피해자들은 어떻게 학살의 기억과 외상을 극복하며 자신들의 삶을 일구며 살아왔는가? 이 문제의식을 바탕으로 필자는 피해자들의 회복탄력성을 피해사건 이후에 발생하는 해석을 통한 내적 갱생과정이라고 정의하고, 아홉 명의 국가폭력 피해자들의 자전적 내러티브를 수집 및 분석하였다. 연구 대상자들은 자전적 내러티브 저술자로서 자신들의 이야기를 엮어가는 과정에서 유의미한 자기갱생 과정을 드러내었다. 이 과정은 피해 원인과 그 이후의 세계에 대한 이해, 피해자 스스로에 대한 자의식, 그리고 고통에 대한 의미생성이라는 세 과정으로 나타났고, 이들이 어떻게 수십 년 동안의 사회적 낙인과 고통을 견디면서 살아왔는지를 보여주었다. 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 필자는 피해자 지원에 관한 세 가지 정책적 제안을 하였다.
Abstract
This article investigated resilience emerging from victims of civilian massacres that took place in the Korea War in the lens of narrative theories. How have victims of the massacres come to maintain their ordinary lives, overcoming memories to the killing and trauma, although there have been limited recognition and reparation to their suffering? Based on this realization, this study defined resilience as a process of rehabilitation through interpretation after a violent event and collected and analyzed autobiographical narratives of nine victims. Participants of this study showed a meaningful process of repair while they were constructing their life stories. The process was composed of three steps: understanding the world after violence, self-recognition, and meaning-making to their suffering. Participants presented how they have endured suffering from social stigma for the last few decades. This study, eventually, offered three recommendations to victim support policies.
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