신입사원의 심리적 계약 위반과 그의 변화
The Newcomer’s Psychological Contract Breach and Its Change
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본 연구는 신입사원이 조직의 약속, 즉 조직이 종업원에게 제공하기로 한 약속사항들을 어느 수준으로 인지하는가에 따라 그들의 심리적 계약의 위배에 대한 인식이 달라진다는 가설을 검증하고 있다. 연구를 위해 대기업 신입사원 222명을 대상으로 3개월의 시간차를 두고 두 번의 서베이를 실시하는 종단연구방식을 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 신입사원의 심리적 계약 위배에 대한 인지는 조직의 약속수준에 대한 인지와 정적인 관련성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 조직이 종업원에게 제공하기로 한 약속의 수준이 변함에 따라 심리적 계약의 위배에 대한 인지 또한 함께 변하는 나타났다. 이와 함께, 신입사원이 초반에 인지한 조직의 약속 수준과 심리적 계약의 위배의 정도는 시간이 지남에 따라 줄어드는 양상을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 신입사원이 심리적 계약의 위배를 인지하는 원인이 기존 사원과는 다를 수 있음을 시사한다. 즉, 신입사원이 입사과정에서 조직이 종업원에게 제공할 혜택과 관련된 약속사항을 비현실적으로 높게 인지함이 입사 후 초반에 강한 심리적 계약 위배를 경험하게 되는 주된 원인으로 작용할 수 있음을 의미한다. 이는 심리적 계약이 종업원의 주관적인 인지와 해석에 의존하는 지극히 개인화된 스키마로 구성되기 때문이며, 입사 과정에서 형성된 초기의 심리적 계약은 상당부분 불완전하고 비현실적인 것으로서 실제 직무경험을 통해 지속적인 완성의 과정을 거치는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 따라서 조직은 신입사원의 위배경험을 줄이기 위해 입사과정과 사회화 과정에 있어 보다 현실적인 수준의 커뮤니케이션을 시도할 필요가 있으며, 실제 신입사원이 인지하고 있는 조직의 약속수준을 보다 명확히 파악하고 관리할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
This study has two primary aims: (1) to investigate the relationship between how the newcomer perceives employer promises psychological contract breach, and (2) to understand how these rates change over time. A total of 222 newcomers at major Korean companies were surveyed twice at a three-month interval. Results showed that both levels of perceived employer promise and psychological contract breach decreased over time as individuals accumulated real job experience. Also, the change in perceived employer promises was positively related to the change in breach perception. As their perceived employer promise level decreases over time, newcomers perceived fewer psychological contract breaches. This study provides evidence that a newcomer’s breach perception could result from overestimation of employer promise and that job experience plays a role in adjusting employer promise perception to an appropriate level, thereby lowering breach perception. These findings suggest that newcomers’ breach perception may be different from that of existing employees, due to incomplete initial understanding of employer promise, leading to increased frequency of breach perception. Practitioners may also benefit from education on new approaches for managing newcomers’ breach perception.
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