재한 중국인 근로자의 한국문화 적응 척도 개발 및 조선족과 한족 간 상이한 내적구조 탐색 예비연구
Development of the Korean Culture Adjustment Scale for Chinese Workers in Korea and Exploration into the Different Internal Structure of Korean Chinese and Han Chinese: A Preliminary Study
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초록
본 연구는 한국에서 취업한 중국인 근로자의 한국문화 적응을 측정할 수 있는 척도를 개발하고 그 타당도를 검증하고자 실시되었다. 연구1에서는 문헌고찰과 심층면접을 통해 한국문화 적응의 특성을 측정하는 4개 하위차원, 24문항을 선정하였다. 연구2에서는 한국문화 적응 척도의 구성개념을 검증하기 위해 중국인 근로자 405명에게 설문조사를 하였다. 조선족과 한족 집단으로 분류하고 탐색적 구조방정식 모형의 틀에서 탐색적인 분석을 실시하였다. 집단별로 하위차원을 살펴보면 조선족 집단에서는 3차원(직장환경 적응, 생활환경 적응, 심리적 적응), 한족 집단에서는 4차원(직장환경 적응, 생활환경 적응, 심리적 적응, 의사소통 적응) 구조를 도출하였다. 특히, 의사소통 적응은 요인분석을 통해 한족에서만 도출된 요인이었다. 이는 조선족이 사용하는 언어가 한국어와 유사한 것에 원인이 있음을 시사하였다. 연구3에서는 한국문화 적응 척도의 측정모형이 집단 간 일반화되거나 차별화될 수 있는지를 알아보기 위해 다집단 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 한국문화 적응의 3요인(직장환경 적응, 생활환경 적응, 심리적 적응)에서 동일성이 성립하는 문항들에 대해 집단 간 동등한 해석이 가능하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 한국문화 적응 척도는 중국인 근로자의 독특한 한국문화 적응을 평가할 수 있다는데 그 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop a scale which can measure the Korean culture adjustment of Chinese workers employed in Korea. In the study 1, we selected 4 sub-dimensions and 24 questions that measure the characteristics of Korean culture adjustment through literature review and in-depth interviews. In the study 2, we conducted surveys on 405 Chinese workers to verify the constructs of the Korean culture adjustment scale. Subjects were divided into the two groups of Korean Chinese and Han Chinese, exploratory analysis was conducted in Exploratory Structure Equation Model frame. If sub-divisions are observed by group, the Korean Chinese group showed a 3 dimensional (adjustment to occupational environments, adjustment to living environments, psychological adjustment) structure and the Han Chinese showed a 4 dimensional (adjustment to occupational environments, adjustment to living environments, psychological adjustment, communicational adjustment) structure. In particular, communicational adjustment was a factor drawn only from the Han Chinese through factor analysis. This implied that the reason is because the language used by the Korean Chinese is similar to the Korean language. In the study 3, multi-group analysis was performed to observe whether a measurement model of the Korean culture adjustment scale can generalize or differentiate between groups. As a result, equal interpretation between groups was possible for questions forming coidentity. The Korean culture adjustment scale developed in this study is significant in that it can assess the unique Korean culture adjustment of Chinese workers.
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