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지식은폐 동기 척도 개발 및 타당화

Development and Validation of Knowledge Hiding Motivation Scale

유태용|고윤진
한국산업및조직심리학회 (Korean Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology)|2020.02|한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직 (Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology)|제33권 제1호|pp. 61-92|DOI https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v33i1.61-92

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참고문헌

키워드

지식공유knowledge sharing지식축적지식공유 의도knowledge transferknowledge hidingknowledge sharing intention지식전이지식은폐 행동지식은폐 동기knowledge hiding motivationknowledge hoarding
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 국내 조직구성원의 지식은폐 동기 척도를 개발하고 타당도를 검증하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 국내 다양한 기업에 종사하는 200명을 대상으로 지식은폐 이유에 대해 개방형 설문조사를 실시하여 총 89개 사례를 수집하였다. 사례들 중 비의도적 지식은폐 19개 사례와 중복 사례 28개를 제외하고 5개 범주(합리화, 소유, 경쟁, 회피, 관계)에 속한 42개 사례를 얻었다. 5개 범주 중 이론적 근거를 토대로 동기보다는 행동에 가깝다고 판단한 합리화 범주를 제외하고 4개 범주에 속한 34개 사례를 문항으로 구성하였다. 그 후, 국내 다양한 기업에 종사하고 있는 구성원 193명을 대상으로 34개 문항에 대한 자료를 수집하여 탐색적 요인 분석을 실시하였다. 요인분석 결과, 요인계수가 낮거나 여러 요인에 걸쳐 있는 17개 문항을 제거한 후, 4개 요인(사적 소유, 손실 우려, 부정평가 염려, 부정적 관계)에 속한 17개 지식은폐 동기 문항을 얻었다. 지식은폐 동기 척도의 요인구조를 타당화하기 위해 국내 다양한 기업에 종사하는 구성원 300명으로부터 자료를 수집하여 지식은폐 동기 척도의 모형적합도를 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 17개 문항으로 구성된 지식은폐 동기 척도의 4요인(사적 소유, 손실 우려, 부정평가 염려, 부정적 관계) 구조 모형이 가장 타당하였다. 지식은폐 동기 척도의 타당화를 위해 수렴타당도와 변별타당도, 준거관련타당도를 알아보았다. 먼저, 수렴타당도를 알아보기 위해 지식은폐 동기 척도와 심리적 주인의식, 대인 경쟁심, 부정적 평가에 대한 두려움, 부정적 호혜성의 4개 변인들과의 관계를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 심리적 주인의식은 사적 소유 요인, 대인 경쟁심은 손실 우려 요인, 부정적 평가에 대한 두려움은 부정평가 염려 요인, 부정적 호혜성은 부정적 관계 요인과 유의한 상관을 보였다. 또한 지식은폐 동기 척도와 유사 개념 간 변별성을 살펴본 결과, 지식은폐 동기는 유사한 개념들(지식공유 의도, 지식전이 의도, 지식공유, 지식축적)과 부적 상관을 보이거나 유의한 상관을 보이지 않아 개념이 서로 구분되는 것을 확인하였다. 준거관련타당도는 지식은폐 행동과의 관련성 분석을 통해 확인하였는데 지식은폐 동기와 지식은폐 행동 간에는 유의한 관련이 있음은 물론, 지식은폐 동기의 각 하위요인과 지식은폐 행동의 각 하위요인 간에도 유의한 관련이 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구의 의의 및 시사점, 한계점을 제시하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate knowledge hiding motivation scale. First, in preliminary study, using the open-ended survey research method, 89 cases were collected from 200 employees who were working in a variety of organizations in Korea. After eliminating overlapped and unintended cases of knowledge hiding, 42 cases in five categories(rationalization, ownership, competition, avoidance, and relation) were obtained. Based on the previous theory, we removed one category(rationalization) and constructed 34 items from cases. Then, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis to find out factor structure of knowledge hiding motivation using the responses of 193 employees from a variety of organizations in Korea. After eliminating low factor loading item and double loaded items, 17 items were obtained in the structure of four factors(personal ownership, fear of loss, concern for negative evaluation, and negative relation). Then, we conducted an confirmatory factor analysis using the responses of 300 employees from a variety of organizations in Korea, and found the four factor structure of 17 items was valid. Also, we examined convergent, discriminant, and criterion-related validity of knowledge hiding motivation scale. In order to examine the convergent validity, we identified the relationship between each subfactor of knowledge hiding motivation and psychological ownership, interpersonal competitiveness, fear of negative evaluation, and negative reciprocity. As a result, personal ownership has a significant correlation with psychological ownership, fear of loss has a significant correlation with interpersonal competitiveness, concern for negative evaluation has a significant correlation with fear of negative evaluation, and negative relation has a significant correlation with negative reciprocity. We examined whether knowledge hiding motivation can be distinguished from other similar constructs such as knowledge sharing intention, knowledge transfer, knowledge sharing, and knowledge hoarding. As a result, we found that knowledge hiding motivation can be well discriminated with knowledge sharing intention, knowledge transfer, knowledge sharing, and knowledge hoarding. In order to testify the criterion-related validity, we examined the relationship between knowledge hiding motivation and knowledge hiding. As a result, we confirmed that knowledge hiding motivation has a significant relationship with knowledge hiding. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study were discussed, and the future research directions were suggested.

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