근무시간 후 직무활동과 직장관련 사교활동이 회복과 직무열의에 미치는 영향
The effects of after-hours work activities and job-related social activities on recovery and job engagement
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근무시간 후 회복의 중요성이 강조되면서 장시간 근무 혹은 정규 근무시간 이후의 직무활동이 개인과 조직에 미치는 영향에 대한 학문적, 사회적 관심이 증가되었다. 반면, 엄연히 회식 및 접대 등의 직장 관련 사교활동이 일상적으로 근무시간 이후에 이루어지는 활동임에도 불구하고, 이러한 활동이 종업원의 회복과 직무효과성에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 본 연구는 정규 근무시간 후 직무활동과 더불어 직장 관련 사교활동이 심리적 분리를 통해 다음날 자아고갈과 직무열의에 영향을 미치는 매개모형을 세우고, 이를 검증하였다. 2주간 하루 2회 일기연구법을 통해 수집한 총 377명의 직장인의 설문자료를 다수준 선형모형으로 분석한 결과, 기대했던 바와 같이, 근무시간 후 직무활동과 직장 관련 사교활동 모두에서 참여시간이 길수록 심리적 분리가 떨어졌고, 이는 다음 날 자아고갈 수준을 증가시켜 결과적으로 직무열의를 낮추었다. 특히 근무시간 이후의 직장 관련 사교활동은 야근 등의 직무활동보다 오히려 다음 날 자아고갈에 더 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 자아고갈에 대한 근무시간 후 직무활동과 직장 관련 사교활동의 직접효과 또한 유의하게 나타나, 근무시간 이후의 직무관련 활동이 심리적 분리가 아닌 다른 경로를 통해 자아고갈에 영향을 미칠 가능성을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 이러한 결과는 근무시간 후 직장 관련 활동이 통합적으로 개인의 회복과정에 미치는 부정적 효과를 이해하는 데에 기여할 뿐만 아니라, 조직 구성원들이 진정한 의미의 회복을 경험할 수 있도록 돕는 조직차원의 개입책 개발에 유용한 정보를 제공한다.
Abstract
Although academic and social interests in the effects of long working hours and after-hours job-related activities on recovery from work have increased, few empirical studies have investigated the effects of after-hours job-related social activities on recovery and job effectiveness. We hypothesized and examined a mediation model that job-related social activities and after-hours work activities could influence next day ego depletion and job engagement through psychological detachment. Data from 377 employees who responded twice a day (morning and evening) for two weeks were collected using a daily diary survey. Multi-level analyses showed that as employees spent more time at both job-related social activities and after-hours work activities, their psychological detachment decreased, resulting in a higher ego depletion and a lower job engagement on the following day. Interestingly, after-hours job-related social activities had a larger effect on ego depletion than after-hours work activities. Finally, the direct effects of after-hours work activities and job-related social activities on ego depletion were also significant. These findings suggest that after-hours work-related activities can affect ego depletion through alternative or multiple paths, as opposed to solely a psychological detachment. The findings of this study could help us contribute to understand the harmful effects of after-hours work activities and job-related social activities on the recovery process. They also have important implications in terms of interventions for recovery.
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