방문형 학습지 교사의 정서노동, 정서적 고갈, 이직의도 및 고객지향성 간의 관계
The Relationship of Emotional Labor, Emotional Exhaustion, Turnover Intention and Customer Orientation
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본 연구는 340명의 여성 방문형 학습지 교사를 대상으로 정서노동, 정서적 고갈, 이직의도 및 고객지향성 간의 관계를 구조방정식 모형으로 검증하였다. 학습지 교사들은 고객과의 상호작용 과정에서 정서조절 전략으로서 표면행위나 내면행위 등 서로 다른 정서노동 수행전략을 선택하며, 표면행위 및 내면행위는 정서적 고갈, 이직의도 및 고객지향성과 다른 관계를 가질 것이라고 예측하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 표면행위는 정서적 고갈과 정적 관계를, 내면행위는 정서적 고갈과 부적 관계를 보였다. 둘째, 정서적 고갈은 이직의도에 정적으로, 고객지향성에 부적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째 표면행위와 이직의도 및 고객지향성 간의 관계는 정서적 고갈에 의해 완전 매개되는 것으로 나타난 반면, 내면행위는 정서적 고갈을 통해 이직의도와 완전 매개되고 고객지향성과는 부분 매개로 나타났다. 그리고 정서적 고갈과 이직의도 간의 관계에서 상사와 동료 지원의 조절효과는 예상과 달리, 정서 고갈 경험이 많을 경우에 상사 및 동료 지원이 높으면 오히려 이직의도를 높이는 결과를 보였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 개인의 심리적 안녕과 조직성과는 정서노동 수행전략에 따라 긍정적․부정적 결과를 낳을 수 있으며, 정서적 고갈이 이직의도와 고객지향성 모두에 부정적 영향을 미치기 때문에 조직은 종업원의 정서적 고갈을 관리하는 데 초점을 두어야 한다는 시사점을 얻었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study aimed to investigate the relationships among emotional regulation stratrgies, emotional exhaustion, turnover intention and customer orientation, using data from 340 female home- study teachers through structural equation model(SEM). Service workers tends to perform surface or deep acting as emotional regulation strategy during interaction with their customers. Thus, surface and deep acting may affect differently on emotional exhaustion, turnover intention and customer orientation. The results were as follows; First, surface acting was positively related to emotional exhaustion while deep acting was negatively related. Second, emotional exhaustion influenced positively on turnover intention, and negatively on customer orientation. Third, emotional exhaustion fully mediated the relationship between surface acting and turnover intention and customer orientation. It also fully mediated the relationship between deep acting and turnover intention while partially mediated the relationship between deep acting and customer orientation. Finally, the moderating effects of social support on the relationship between emotional exhaustion and turnover intention were examined. Contrary to our expectation, the moderating effects of supervisor and peer group support showed opposite buffering effect on the relationship between emotional exhaustion and turnover intention.
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