상사의 윤리적 리더십이 부하의 소명의식에 미치는 영향: 리더 동일시 및 도덕적 정체성의 순차적 매개효과
The Impact of Ethical Leadership on Occupational Calling: Leader Identification and Moral Identity as Mediators
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현재까지 소명의식은 직무 및 삶 영역에서 긍정적인 결과를 예측하는 안정적이고 선험적인 심리적 기제로서 연구되어왔기 때문에, 후천적 관점에서 소명의식을 예측하는 심리․사회적 변인에 대한 추가 연구의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 소명의식을 증진시킬 수 있는 요인을 밝히고, 변인 간 영향 관계를 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 사회학습 이론(Social learning theory)을 기반으로 상사의 윤리적 리더십이 부하의 소명의식에 영향을 미치는 경로에서 리더 동일시와 도덕적 정체성의 순차적 매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 해군 장병 324명을 대상으로 윤리적 리더십 척도, 리더 동일시 척도, 도덕적 정체성 척도, 소명의식 척도를 활용하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 윤리적 리더십, 리더 동일시, 도덕적 정체성, 소명의식 간 상호 유의한 상관관계를 확인하였다. 둘째, 윤리적 리더십은 소명의식에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 윤리적 리더십은 부하의 리더 동일시를 매개하여 도덕적 정체성에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 도덕적 정체성은 소명의식에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 윤리적 리더십이 소명의식에 영향을 미치는 경로에서 부하의 리더 동일시와 도덕적 정체성의 순차적 매개효과가 검증되었다. 이러한 결과는 부하가 리더를 윤리적으로 인식할수록 리더를 동일시하는 학습 과정을 통해 도덕적 정체성을 내재화하며, 이를 통해 직업에 대한 소명의식을 함양할 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 이론 및 실무적 시사점, 한계점과 후속 연구의 필요성에 관하여 논의하였다.
Abstract
Empirical studies on positive outcomes of occupational calling are increasing, but there are relatively few considerations of psychological variables and mechanisms that predict perceiving a calling. We studied a mediating effect of leader identification and moral identity in a relationship between ethical leadership and occupational calling. 324 Navy personnel participated in this study and responded to the following questionnaires: Ethical Leadership Scale (ELS); Leader Identification Scale; Moral Identity Scale; Calling and Vocation Questionnaire (CVQ). The results showed significant relationships between ethical leadership, leader identification, moral identity, and occupational calling. Also, ethical leadership was positively related to occupational calling, and moral identity was also positively related to occupational calling. Lastly, a sequential mediating model showed the relationship between ethical leadership and occupational calling was mediated by both leader identification and moral identity sequentially. Based on the results, theoretical and practical implications for promoting an occupational calling, limitations, and suggestions for future research were discussed.
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