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재택근무 효과성이 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향: 심리적 임파워먼트의 매개효과와 변혁적 리더십의 조절효과를 중심으로

The relationship between telework and organizational citizenship behavior: Mediation of psychological empowerment and moderation of transformational leadership

정구혁|이자현
한국산업및조직심리학회 (Korean Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology)|2022.08|한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직 (Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology)|제35권 제3호|pp. 465-488|DOI https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v35i3.465-488

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키워드

COVID-19변혁적 리더십조직시민행동코로나transformational leadership심리적 임파워먼트재택근무원격근무organizational citizenship behaviorpsychological empowermentremote worktelework
주제분류심리과학

초록

최근 COVID-19의 대유행(pandemic)이라는 경영 환경 변화에 직면하여 재택근무가 새로운 업무 방식으로 떠오르고 있다. 그러나 기존 연구에서는 재택근무의 긍정․부정적인 효과가 혼재하여 나타나기에 일관된 시사점을 얻기 힘들었다. 본 연구는 COVID-19라는 시대적 배경에서 구성원들이 (반)강제적으로 재택근무를 하게 된 것을 계기로, 유용성, 용이성, 즐거움이라는 세 개의 차원으로 이루어진 재택근무 효과성이 구성원에게 미치는 심리적 그리고 행동적 메커니즘을 탐구하였다. 이를 위해, 재택근무 경험이 있는 중국 현지 직원들을 대상으로 설문 조사하여 유효한 설문 200개에 대한 실증 분석을 실행하였다. 연구 결과, 재택근무 효과성이 조직 구성원의 조직시민행동(OCB)에 정(+)적인 영향을 미치고, 구성원의 심리적 임파워먼트가 이 관계를 매개하는 것을 발견하였다. 또한, 변혁적 리더십이 재택근무 효과성과 심리적 임파워먼트 간의 관계를 조절(강화)함으로써, 궁극적으로 조직시민행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 COVID-19 시대에 널리 도입된 재택근무라는 새로운 업무 방식이 심리적 임파워먼트, 변혁적 리더십, 조직시민행동 등 기존의 주요 개념들과 어떻게 연계되어 조직 구성원의 업무의 태도와 행동에 영향을 주는가에 대해 학자들과 경영자들의 이해를 넓히는데 기여하였다.

Abstract

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, telework has been widely adopted as a new HR practice by modern organizations, it has enormous effects on an organization and its members. However, the existing studies have reported mixed results of positive and negative effects of telework on employee attitudes and performances. For example, some studies showed positive effects that employees may develop autonomy beyond the restriction of time and space, while others revealed negative ones that telework may hinder employee commitment to job. The present study, by first constructing effectiveness of telework with three dimensions, - usefulness, easiness, and pleasure - attempts to explore the mechanism in which telework affects employee attitudes and behaviors with 200 samples. Our results show that effectiveness of telework has a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), that employees’ psychological empowerment mediates the relationship, and that transformational leadership moderates the relationship between effectiveness of telework and psychological empowerment. Presenting theoretical contributions, practical implications, study limitations, and future research directions, the present study contributes to scholars and managers’ further understanding of telework.

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