韓日 古代 集水遺構 出土遺物의 儀禮性 硏究 -山城 出土 瓦當을 中心으로-

Abstract

This study investigated intentionally damaged roof-end tiles focusing on their burial patterns and characteristics, and ritual properties of the associated relics excavated together, in order to identify ritual properties of roof-end tiles of the ancient times found in water-collecting places in Korea and Japan. The study was done after reviewing the relic cases first. As for Japanese relics, there were a lot of limitations in explaining ritual properties of roof-end tiles, because roof-end tiles were not recognized as the relics for ancestral memorial rites. However, through the demonstrations of relics excavated in west japan area, those in the reservoir of Kikuchi Castle in Kumamoto, and damaged roof-end tiles in Dazaifu Temple, Hinokuma temple, and the abolished Tanaka Temple site, it was proved that Korea and Japan had identical burial patterns of relics. Unlike Korea, there was completely no study of reutilization or ritual properties of roof- tiles in Japan. It was because Japan sees that ‘fortress=war’ and ‘roof-end tiles=construction materials’. Such prejudice was big hindrance in studying ritual properties of roof-end tiles in Korea and Japan. Also, as most excavation reports did not record about the excavation state of relics accurately, that is, the excavation location, layer, the associated relics excavated together, etc., it was quite difficult to grasp information through related descriptions, drawings, and photos. Among the ancient fortresses in Japan, there found a reservoir only in Kikuchi Castle in Kumamoto. Inside the reservoir, lotus-patterned male roof-end tiles were excavated, which assumed to have very close connection with damaged roof-end tiles of water-collecting places found in fortresses in Korea. They were regarded as useful materials to verify the identity of people who moved to Japan from Korea and ancient Korean people at that time living in Korea through careful examination. The subjects of this study were lotus-patterned male roof-end tiles excavated in soil ditches in Fijiwara(藤原京 右京一條六坊), 37E-type lotus-patterned male roof-end tiles found in the SX801 ditches in Heijokyo(平城京 右京二條三坊·三坪), 6229-style lotus-patterned male roof-end tiles found in the SE-103 well located in Heijokyo(平城京 右京一條北邊二坊三坪·四坪), and rooftiles for rafflers found in the SE580 well in Daikan Temple (大官大寺). They showed the ritual properties of roof-end tiles well in Japan. The damaged roof-end tiles are mainly found in Kyoto, Nara, and Fukuoka area that have actively had exchanges with Korea since ancient times. All of them were the relics in the early times of Asuka Era and their representative relics are Asuka Temple and Hinokikuma Temple. On top of that, lotus-patterned male roof-end tiles were found in the lower level of Osaka Castle in Jokamachi(城下町). They were exhibited in Osaka History Museum along with male roof-end tiles with the inscriptions of Dodaiji Temple(東大寺大佛壇’銘). It is interesting that the former come from Heian Era while the latter come from Kamakura Era. This proves that the tradition of damaged roof-end tiles were continued in the order of Asuka Era→Nara Era→Heian Era→Kamakura Era.