분황사와 구황동 원지 유적의 성격과 역사적 의미

Abstract

As the state began to be formed, the Silla constructed the palace and, around the palace, began establishing the capital area where people reside. In early Silla, the most important areas were Ancestor’s shrine(始祖廟), God shrine(神宮), and the sacred district. In middle Silla, the Buddhism was introduced and the Buddhist temples were established in the sacred district. At first, the Heungryunsa(興輪寺) temple of the west riverside(西川邊) was the most influential. During the reign of King Jinheung(眞興王), as the Hwangryongsa(皇龍寺) temple was newly established, the center of the state capital was moved to this temple. Bunhwangsa(芬皇寺) and Mitansa(味呑寺) temples were constructed in the east riverside(東川邊) and the center of the capital moved eastward. In middle Silla, the royal temples(成典寺院) such as Bongdeoksa(奉德寺) and Bongseongsa(奉聖 寺) were established and served as national temples. It was the center of the state capital in middle Silla. In the south riverside(南川邊), Dameomsa(曇嚴寺) and Inyongsa(仁容寺) temples were established. Around the Wolseong(月城) area, the Buddhist temples were established along the riverside of four directions protecting the capital. Locating Buddhist temples on the banks of the river not only has advantages of applying construction materials and site designation of the capital, but also shows the Buddha-ksetra perception(佛國土認識). Meanwhile, right after the unifying war, Dong-gung(東宮) and Wol-ji(月池) were established in the easternmost Wolseong. And the Royal Villa(離宮) and Royal Pond(宮園池) were established around the capital and the boundary areas: Bulwongung(北園宮) in the north, Namdowongung(南 園宮) in the south, Cheongyeongung(靑淵宮) in the east, Sugung(藪宮) in the west. They were spaces for the rituals and rest and it shows the Taoist immortal pursuit of people of United Silla(統 一新羅). The capital palace was constructed according to the Confucius manual while the center and peripheries of the capital were for Buddhist temples and served as the landmarks. And adding the Taoist Royal Villa in the boundary areas, it was the harmonious capital plan embracing the Confucian, Buddhist, and Taoist ideas.