백제 무령왕릉 주변 고분의 축조 순서

Abstract

The Tomb of King Muryeong and Royal Tombs, Gongju, represent an important cluster of burial sites from the Baekje Ungjin period. Currently, seven tombs, including Tombs 1~6 and the Tomb of King Muryeong, have been restored. Among them, Tombs 1~4 form one cluster, while Tombs 5, 6, and the Tomb of King Muryeong form another cluster on the western side of the valley. Additionally, Tomb 29 is located southwest of Tomb 6. Hence, the area surrounding the Tomb of King Muryeong includes Tombs 5, 6, and 29 alongside the main tomb. The four tombs around the Tomb of King Muryeong exhibit different burial chamber designs. Tombs 5 and 29 feature square-shaped layouts, whereas the Tomb of King Muryeong and Tomb 6 have rectangular layouts. Tomb 5 is constructed with a brick platform for the coffin, while Tomb 29 uses bricks for both the floor and the coffin platform. In general, Baekje horizontal stone-chamber tombs are believed to have transitioned from square-shaped burial chambers to rectangular ones. While both square and rectangular layouts coexist in the Tomb of King Muryeong burial site, only rectangular chambers are found in the Royal Tombs in Buyeo. Notably, Tombs 5 and 29 were likely constructed after the Tomb of King Muryeong and Tomb 6, as bricks used in the construction of the latter were also utilized in Tombs 5 and 29. This reuse of bricks confirms their chronological order. Furthermore, the orientation of the tombs, with Tomb 29 presumed to have the buried individual’s head facing south and Tomb 5 presumed to have the buried individual’s head facing north, suggests that Tomb 29 aligns with the orientation of the Tomb of King Muryeong and Tomb 6, while Tomb 5 resembles the orientation found in Baekje tombs from the Sabi period. This indicates that Tomb 29 preceded Tomb 5. The construction of square-shaped burial chambers, such as Tombs 5 and 29, even after the construction of rectangular ones like the Tomb of King Muryeong and Tomb 6, implies thatsquare-shaped chambers were widely used in Baekje before the adoption of rectangular designs. Both the Tomb of King Muryeong and Tomb 6 are brick tombs with rectangular burial chambers. Among the two, the Tomb of King Muryeong, located higher up the slope, was constructed before Tomb 6. The proximity of their mounds suggests that the Tomb of King Muryeong was built first, followed by Tomb 6 below it. This conclusion is supported by inscribed bricks found in Tombs 6 and 29, which were also used in the construction of the Tomb of King Muryeong. These findings indicate that the Tomb of King Muryeong was the first brick tomb constructed under the influence of the Liang dynasty of China. Accordingly, the construction sequence of the tombs surrounding the Tomb of King Muryeong is as follows: Tomb of King Muryeong → Tomb 6 → Tomb 29 → Tomb 5.