公州 校村里 百濟時代 塼室墓와 石築壇施設

Abstract

This study has analyzed the brick-chamber tombs and stone masonry constructions in the Woongjin period of the Baekje Dynasty based on the re-excavation survey results of the Gyochon-ri brick-chamber tombs found by the Japanese in 1939. The Baekje brick-chamber tombs located at Gyochon-ri, Gongju have recently been resurveyed and reexamined in as many as 80 years following the first excavation survey in 1939. The two brick-chamber tombs were previously identified and reported but the recent resurvey has confirmed the presence of only one brick-chamber tomb, which is tagged as Tomb No.3. The stone facility reported as No.2 turns out to be a stone masonry work built on top of the 'Gyochonbong', which is a superb location that commands a wide range view of the Woongjin Royal Capital as well as the Gongsan-capital and the Songsan-ri tombs. The location is presumed to have served as a venue for important state occasions such as royal ritual. The brick-chamber tombs in the Woongjin period of the Baekje Dynasty similar to Gyochon-ri Tomb No.3 include the Royal Tomb of King Muryeong and Songsan-ri Brick-Chamber Tomb No.6. The Brick-Chamber Tomb No.3 has similarities in terms of construction methods but all come in different shapes. In particular, Gyochon-ri Tomb No.3 is the most heterogeneous as its entrance passage is not clearly identified. A number of its distinctive features, including layered piling construction technique, which is known to the early construction method in Nam-jo brick-chamber tomb, type of heliotrope and scale, major axis similar to that of Songsan-ri Tomb No.2 through 5, building technique of having the wall side slightly inward skewed indicate its similarities to the construction technique of the Baekje’s traditional stone lined tombs. Therefore, the Gyochon-ri brick-chamber tomb can be understood as a brick-chamber tomb built by the people of Baekje who adopted the Chinese brick-chamber tomb building technique based on the contemporary construction technique of building Baekje’s stone lined tombs. However, as indicated by the ‘梁宣以爲師矣’ excavated in Tomb No.6 brick-chamber tomb, the people of Baekje were able to build the standard brick-chamber tombs based on the building technique transferred from 梁 while introducing innovative changes in the plane and ceiling structures of the Baekje’s stone-chamber tombs. That is, the brick-chamber tombs built in the 3rd stage of the Woongjin period were presumably developed in the order of Gyochon-ri Tomb No.3 → Songsan-ri Tomb No.6 → the Royal Tomb of King Muryeong. In addition, the construction of Gyochon-ri Tomb No.3 suggests a high likelihood of being the outcome of active bargains and negotiations with China during the King Dongsung’s reign. The follow-up studies are expected to cover the historical investigation of the landscape in the Woongjin period of the Baekje Dynasty as well as any possible existence of a venue(s) for state ritual based on the knowledge of who built the Gyochon-ri Tomb No.3 brick-chamber tomb and the square-shaped masonry facility on top of the Gyochobong.