이민자통합정책이론을 통한 러시아 정부의 이주 및 노동정책 분석 연구: CIS 출신 귀환 러시안 이주민을 중심으로

Abstract

Currently Russia has the second largest number of immigrants and more than 14 million immigrants reside there. Most of these people are immigrants from the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and from CIS, and 65% of them are from Slav. These immigrants from CIS are not due to the change of residents but are due to the change of boarders which is a new kind of immigrant. In other words, these immigrants lived in the countries of CIS and were citizens of the Soviet Union but the collapse of the Soviet Union and independence of Russia made them as brethren abroad living in CIS and the era made to return to Russia. The emergence of these returned immigrants have caused various problems to the Russian society starting from problems in citizenship to difference in language, culture and labors which were not possible to be handled with the laws and policies of the time. Especially labor problems of returned immigrants were one of the fundamental conditions, as well as citizenship, for them to settle down in Russian society. Unfortunately coupled with conventional labor environment, population problem, and rapid economical growth it came up as an urgent social problem. Russia have been making lots of various policies to deal with labor problems of these returned immigrants. These policies are influencing throughout Russia’s economy, society, and culture. Considering all these, Russia governments’view in analyzing the returned immigrants is not merely a part of research in Russian society but is a research of exploring the fundamental problems in politics, economics, and society that the current Russia is facing, and also it is the central research to predict the direction which Russia is seeking to become a truly developed country in the future. This research analyzed the problems of returned immigrants and their labor policies, which have become one of the most important problems in Russian society, by using Castles and Miller’s the theory of immigrant integration policy. By using the theory it is possible to classify them by time and policy, by identity of the immigrant family, by assimilation type, and by multiculturalism type, and by the way they are connected with each other. This kind of analysis can derive out Russia’s policy toward immigrants in three dimensional classification and this will be foundation to look into Russia’s view toward their immigrants based on political and economical necessities which are keep on changing. This research is to contribute to other researches on Russian immigrants. Although there are parts to be complemented and changed, I would like to make it as a main subject of research and leave rest to the follow-up studies.