한국전쟁기 임시 교과서와 반공 아동문학: 『전시생활』·『소년기마대』·『새음악』의 반공 텍스트를 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explore the anti-communist children’s literature contained in provisional textbooks for elementary schools during the Korean War and to find any significance in the literary context of reorganization of children’s literary world. Life during War published by Ministry of Education (MOE) employed the method of dramatization as in children’s novels, and Mounted Infantry Boys and New Music recommended and acknowledged by MOE were more of music books. These texts not only share blurred boundary with children’s literature but also their creators were children’s literary writers and poets. May be called ‘textbook children’s literature’, these texts defined ‘North Korean regime, People’s Army, and the barbaric Chinese communists’ as ‘communism without freedom’ and defined the opposing forces of ‘South Korean regime, South Korean army and UN forces’ as ‘democracy for protection of freedom’, all the while building an equation that those on the former’s side as ‘unpatriotic’ and those on the latter’s side as ‘patriotic’. In other words, the selection and exclusion led by the state reconstructed children’s memories to have them accept anti-communism as the national identity. Learning from the provisional textbooks during war, the children unsuspiciously established themselves as anti-communist fighter, and such internalized identity became a powerful force that supported the dictatorship during the time of division. The reason why certain children’s literary writers and poets foreran the anti-communist literature is closely related to the reorganization of the world of children’s literature. The canon of textbooks was potent. Kang So Chun, Kim Yeong Il and others deeply connected to anti-communist children’s literature quickly settled in the center of children’s literature world. A new mainstream was formed during the course of the war. It can be said that, during the war, the anti-communist children’s literature functioned as a guaranteed bond for those who took over the literary world in response to national policies of the time.