1960, 70년대 김종삼과 전봉건 시의 헤테로토피아 연구

Abstract

The purpose of we look at the heterotopia of “contradiction and resistance” revealed in the poems of Kim Jong-sam and Jeon Bong-gun in the 1960s and 1970s. This was a time when the state’s monitoring and control were strong, along with rapid economic development due to military dictatorship and industrialization, and individual freedom was regulated. Dystopian perception of reality was inevitably laid at the basis of the utopian space that the two poets hoped for, who could not be incorporated between themselves and others amid the Korean War, the South and the solitude of displaced people, and it was inevitably revealed through heterogeneous places. “Auschwitz” and “Wonjeong,” which were revealed in Kim Jong-sam’s poem, were places of tragedy and mourning where people face the suffering in a world hidden under modern rationality. Therefore, the anti-place characteristic of asking for ethical responsibility from war and violence of the times was revealed. Also, the closed place called “獄” by Jeon Bong-gun’s collection of poems, and the place in the western movie called “Macaroni Western” were paradoxical representations of the absurd reality full of violence and death. If tension and discord with the reality of the times led the two poets to seek a new place, it paradoxically highlighted the contradiction and impracticality of the ‘place of existence’ through the ‘outer’ or ‘place without’ here as the ‘outer’ of this reality. The heterotopia contained in the poems of the two poets, who reversed the absence, hospitality, ethics, and mourning of the real world, can be said to be a dialectical revelation of the criticism of modern absurdity and the sense of crisis by juxtaposing the empirical reality they experienced at the same time. Furthermore, although it was impossible to leave reality, it was a poetic response as resistance to the panopticon-like society of the time through the two heterotopias of surveillance and deviation.