리투아니아의 러시아어 상황변화연구 : 러시아의 크림 합병부터 특별군사작전까지

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the language policy and Russian language in Lithuania from Russia's annexation of Crimea to Special Military Operation. Lithuania is located in Baltic region like Latvia and Estonia. These Baltic States gained independence of nation after 1st World War and were building ethnocentric nation. But in 1940 USSR occupied and absorbed 3 states. From this moment the Balitic States had been ruled by Moscow controlled, but in the late 1980s with Gorbachev's Perestroika and Glasnost' 3 Baltic states gained some autonomy, they made law on languages or state languages. Especially the Constitution and Law on Minorities of Lithuania stipulate articles that respect and support development of languages and culture of all minorities who live in the country. And with independence from Soviet Union, Lithuanian government granted all residences to preserve regardless of the nationalities. But after that time Lithuanian Government continues make laws that attach greater importance to Lithuanian identity and language than to other minorities. Depending on the situation at home and abroad Government can use articles and provisions advantageous to itself. The population of Russian native speakers and Russophone minorities in Lithuania is much fewer than other 2 Baltic states. It lead to flexible implement of policies on minorities, including Russians and Russian language. In Lithuania, it was found that the language as a minority, the decline of Russian as a second foreign language, and the reduction of the area of use remained unchanged, and it has been further strengthened since 2014. Although Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014 did not have a negative impact on Lithuania's Russian language situation, it is clear that the special military operation at the end of February 2022 also caused fear in the Lithuanian government. The removal of domestic Russians and Russian, which is considered to be a trace of Soviet remnants and their traces, is now going to the extreme. Lithuania's anti-Russia policy and its implementation will only change the negative views and perceptions of Russia by most countries and citizens in the world and accept it by the Lithuanian government and people.