본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Lexical parallels in calendars and less obvious traces of Chinese influence on ancient Xinjiang languages

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류기타인문학

초록

Altaic linguistics is seldom used as a precious research tool in the study of other language families, but in some cases it can help in this matter. Speakers of ancient Indo-European languages in Xinjiang, like Tocharian A and B, were under influence of Chinese and nomadic states since early history, when small oasis kingdoms had to maintain active and also linguistic contacts with both empires. This paper is mainly focused on cultural words, mythological animals and calendar systems. Firstly the history of international relations is briefly mentioned, because it has implications for the study of borrowings. In the following part lexical parallels of Chinese, Sanskrit, Sogdian, Khotan Saka, Tocharian, Uyghur and Mongolian twelve zodiac animals are mentioned together with older counting of months in nomadic cold areas. Remaining note and case study show, that typological criterion from Altaic linguistics can be analogically applied to Tocharian in an attempt to solve etymology of functionally parallel cultural word further documenting possible Chinese influence on Tocharian.

Abstract

Altaic linguistics is seldom used as a precious research tool in the study of other language families, but in some cases it can help in this matter. Speakers of ancient Indo-European languages in Xinjiang, like Tocharian A and B, were under influence of Chinese and nomadic states since early history, when small oasis kingdoms had to maintain active and also linguistic contacts with both empires. This paper is mainly focused on cultural words, mythological animals and calendar systems. Firstly the history of international relations is briefly mentioned, because it has implications for the study of borrowings. In the following part lexical parallels of Chinese, Sanskrit, Sogdian, Khotan Saka, Tocharian, Uyghur and Mongolian twelve zodiac animals are mentioned together with older counting of months in nomadic cold areas. Remaining note and case study show, that typological criterion from Altaic linguistics can be analogically applied to Tocharian in an attempt to solve etymology of functionally parallel cultural word further documenting possible Chinese influence on Tocharian.

참고문헌 (41)

  1. Adams, Douglas Q., "A dictionary of Tocharian B" (1999), Rodopi
  2. Adams, Douglas Q., "A dictionary of Tocharian B. Revised and greatly enlarged" (2013), Rodopi
  3. Andersson, J. G., "Archaeological research in Kansu" (2011), Wenwu chubanshe
  4. Baabar, "History of Mongolia" (2006), Nepko Publishing
  5. Bailey, Harold, "he culture of the Sakas in ancient Iranian Khotan" (1982), Caravan Books
  6. Barat, Kahar, "A Turkic-Chinese transcription system. In Giovanni Stary(ed", Proceedings of the 38th Permanent International Altaistic Conference (PIAC), pp.5~83 (1995), Harrassowitz
  7. Bawden, Charles, "Mongolian-English dictionary" (1997), Kegan Paul International
  8. Berounský, Daniel, "Archaic Tibetan literature (7th-10th centuries)" (2013), Masarykova univerzita
  9. Blažek, Václav, "Tocharians. Who they were, where they come from and where they lived", Lingua posnaniensis, 50, pp.47~74 (2008), Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego towarzystwa przyjaciół nauk
  10. Blažek, Václav, "Cultural relations as reflected in language" (2017), Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft
  11. oodberg, Peter A., "Two notes on the history of the Chinese frontier", Harvard journal of Asiatic studies, 1(3, pp.4) (1936), 283~307[DOI]
  12. Chang, Chun-shu, "The rise of the Chinese Empire. Volume one: Nation, state, & imperialism in early China, ca. 1600 B.C.-A.D. 8" (2007), The University of Michigan Press
  13. Clauson, Gerard, "An etymological dictionary of pre-thirteenth century Turkish" (1972), Clarendon Press
  14. Corff, Oliver, "Are Altaic studies a political science? A reflection on Weber’s “science as a vocation” from the perspective of Altaic Studies", Türk dilleri araştırmaları, 28(1), pp.59~67 (2018), Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dergisi
  15. Ding, Xiaolun, "Niya site" (2003), Xinjiang meishu chubanshe
  16. Ding, Xiaolun, "Ancient Loulan city" (2003), Xinjiang meishu chubanshe
  17. Dulam, "Concise dictionary of cultural expressions" (2015), NUM Press Publishing
  18. Dybo, A. V., "Problems of Altaic philology, Festschrift of E. P. Tenishev, No. III", pp.69~82 (2008), Tezaurus
  19. Dzharylgasinova, R. Sh, "Calendar habits and ceremonies of East Asian nations. The cycle of the year" (1989), Nauka
  20. Gabain, Annemarie von, "Old Turkic grammar" (1950), Otto Harrassowitz
  21. Golden, Peter, "The twelve-year animal cycle calendar in Georgian sources", Acta orientalia academiae scientiarum Hungaricae, 36(1-3), pp.197~206 (1982), Akadémiai Kiadó
  22. Ji, Xianlin, "Fragments of the Tocharian A Maitreyasamiti-Nāṭaka of the Xinjiang museum" (1998), Mouton de Gruyter
  23. Kara, György, "Zhiyuan yiyu. An alphabethical index of Mongolian words", Acta orientalia academiae scientiarum Hungaricae, 44(3), pp.279~344 (1990), Akadémiai Kiadó
  24. Kara, György, "De Dunhuang à Istanbul: Hommage à James Russel Hamilton", pp.73~119 (2001), Brepols
  25. Kara, György, "A middle Mongol version of the Tibetan Sa skya Legs bshad. Mongol – English – Tibetan" (2009), Brill
  26. Lessing, Ferdinand D., "Mongolian-English dictionary" (1960), University of California Press
  27. Li, Yanyun, "History and archaeological findings of Dunhuang" (2005), Neimenggu renmin chubanshe
  28. Lung, Rachel, "Interpreters in early imperial China" (2011), John Benjamins Publishing Company
  29. Peiros, Ilia, "A comparative vocabulary of five Sino-Tibetan languages. Fascicle III. Laterals" (1996), The University of Melbourne
  30. Pinault, G. J., "The bronze age and early iron age peoples of Eastern Central Asia 1", pp.358~371 (1998), Institute for the Study of Man
  31. Poppe, Nicholas, "Introduction to Mongolian comparative studies" (1955), Suomalais-ugrilainen seura
  32. Poucha, Pavel, "Foundations of Tocharian language. Part I. Thesaurus of Tocharian language – Dialect A" (1955), Státní pedagogické nakladatelství
  33. Pulleyblank, Edwin G., "Lexicon of reconstructed pronunciation in early middle Chinese, late middle Chinese, and early Mandarin" (1991), UBC Press
  34. Räsänen, Martti, "An attempt of etymological dictionary of Turkic languages" (1969), Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura
  35. Srba, Ondřej, "History of Mongolia" (2015), Nakladatelství Lidové noviny
  36. Street, John H., "Nominal plural formations in the Secret history", Acta orientalia academiae scientiarum Hungaricae, 44(3), pp.345~379 (1990), Akadémiai Kiadó
  37. Su, Beihai, "Petroglyphs of Xinjiang" (1994), Xinjiang meishu sheying chubanshe
  38. Thongchai, Winichakul, "Siam mapped. A history of the geo-body of a nation" (1994), University of Hawai’I Press
  39. Tian, Weijiang, "Xinjiang in the time of the Song, Liao, and Jin dynasties" (2009), Xinjiang meishu sheying chubanshe
  40. Yusup, Israpil, "Studies in Turkic Philology. Festschrift in honour of the 80th birthday of Professor Geng Shimin", pp.191~205 (2009), Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe
  41. Zhang, Peng, "Amphibia-reptilia of Xinjiang" (2005), Xinjiang kexue yishu chubanshe

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (9건)