조선 초기 ‘조선 죽지사’ 연구

Abstract

‘Jukjisa’(竹枝詞) is a 7 quatrain series poem that depicts folk customs and culture. Composed by Liu Yuxi (劉禹錫) of the Tang Dynasty after he heard the song ‘Jukji’, a song that was popular among the locals of the Bayu(巴渝) region, it naturally has an ethnic quality and the nature of a folksong. ‘Jukjisa’ spread widely across China and Chosun after its composition by Liu Yuxi and was recomposed in various ways by different poets. In the Early Chosun Dynasty, when the imitation of Chinese Yuefu(樂府) was the prominent trend, imitations of contemporary Jukjisa were prevalent. These poems dealt with the love and parting between a man and a woman against the backdrop of China and typically portrayed romantic and tragic sentiments. In the midst of this trend, the literati of the Yeongnam region, led by Kim Jong-jik, composed Jukjisa about regions in Chosun. Noting the way these poems avoided archaism by the application of the Chinese form to something that was ours and the mention of a particular region of Chosun in the poem, this paper proposes these poems be designated ‘Chosun Jukjisa’. Kim Jong-jik composed <Eungcheonjukjigok> with his hometown Miryang as the backdrop and urged fellow literati Kim Maing-sung and influenced his disciple Yoo Ho-in to compose <Gacheonjukjigok> and <Hamyangnamrwaejukjigok> respectively. <Eungcheonjukjigok> and <Gacheonjukjigok> deal with romantic affection between a man and a woman like other Jukjisa of the time, but by naming a particular region in Chosun, they also achieve a sense of specificity and realism. Unlike these poems, <Hamyangnamrwaejukjigok> revealed a new framework for the Chosun Jukjisa by focusing on the history and customs of a particular region of Chosun. In other words, the following three elements can be found in early forms of Chosun Jukjisa: the story of love and parting between a man and a woman, the customs of a particular region and the history of that region. The motive behind the creation of Chosun Jukjisa by Kim Jong-jik’s group can be found in their unique regional consciousness of their hometown. As the first generation of rural literati to be active in the political world of the central government, they had great affection for and pride in their hometowns and strived to make their hometowns widely known by borrowing the form of the Jukjisa, which could be called the popular song of rural areas. The Chosun Jukjisa that stemmed from this creative consciousness became established as a historical genre as the scope of regions covered in the poems later expanded to include the whole nation and the poems expanded in volume. This paper has examined the start of this development.