Passive and Reflexive Voices in Sakha (Yakut) and Tyvan
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This study examines the passive and reflexive voices in the two Turkic languages Sakha and Tyvan, and conducts a contrastive analysis of the use of the voice suffixes between the two languages. Although the passive and reflexive suffixes in Sakha and Tyvan are cognate and similar in form, they show considerable differences in use. While the Sakha Passive allows both typical and impersonal passive constructions, the only function of the Tyvan Passive is anticausative. Interestingly, Tyvan exploits the causative suffix or a non-passive construction instead of the passive suffix. At the morphemic level, Sakha distinguishes two voice suffixes: the reflexive suffix -(i)n and the anticausative suffix -(i)n. On the other hand, the Tyvan Reflexive has a wider range of uses, from reflexive and anticausative to patientless and possibility. Although both the Tyvan Reflexive and Passive function as an anticausative marker, only the passive suffix can be used to derive a volitional verb.
Abstract
This study examines the passive and reflexive voices in the two Turkic languages Sakha and Tyvan, and conducts a contrastive analysis of the use of the voice suffixes between the two languages. Although the passive and reflexive suffixes in Sakha and Tyvan are cognate and similar in form, they show considerable differences in use. While the Sakha Passive allows both typical and impersonal passive constructions, the only function of the Tyvan Passive is anticausative. Interestingly, Tyvan exploits the causative suffix or a non-passive construction instead of the passive suffix. At the morphemic level, Sakha distinguishes two voice suffixes: the reflexive suffix -(i)n and the anticausative suffix -(i)n. On the other hand, the Tyvan Reflexive has a wider range of uses, from reflexive and anticausative to patientless and possibility. Although both the Tyvan Reflexive and Passive function as an anticausative marker, only the passive suffix can be used to derive a volitional verb.
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