살균제 Tebuconazole이 한국산 개구리류 (두꺼비, 청개구리, 참개구리) 배아 발달에 미치는 영향
Effects of fungicide tebuconazole on the embryonic development of Korean domestic frogs (Bufo gargarizans, Hyla japonica, and Pelophylax nigromaculatus)
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초록
국내에 서식하는 개구리들의 배아를 이용하여 살균제인 tebucoanzole의 독성을 파악하기 위해 FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) 기법에 따라 두꺼비 (Bufo gargarizans), 청개구리 (Hyla japonica), 참개구리 (Pelophylax nigromaculatus)의 배아를 배양하면서 tebuconazole의 효과를 probit 분석법으로 조사하였다. 그 결과, tebuconazole의 농도에 의존하여 유생의 체장 길이는 감소하고 치사율과 기형률은 증가하였으며 tebuconazole의 teratogenic concentration (EC50)은 각각 34.4, 10.6, 14.9 mg kg-1을 나타내었고 embryo lethal concentrations (LC50)은 75.4, 38.2, 39.6 mg kg-1을 나타내었다. Teratogenic index (TI=LC50/EC50)는 각각 2.19, 3.58, 2.65을 나타내어 두꺼비, 청개구리, 참개구리 배아 발달에 최기형성 물질로 작용함을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과들로 보아 tebuconazole은 낮은 농도에서 개구리 배아의 발달에 민감하게 반응하였으며 치사율, 기형률, 성장률, 기형양상 등을 기존의 연구들과 비교하였을 때 유사한 결과를 나타내어 국내 서식하는 개구리류 배아발달에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 여겨지며, 종에 따라 치사율 및 기형률, 기형양상 등의 차이를 나타내는 원인 등을 명확히 파악하기 위해서 종 특이적 특성 등을 규명하는 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 여겨진다.
Abstract
In this experiment, we investigated the toxicity of tebuconazole (fungicide) using domestic frog embryos, along the FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) protocol. Bufo gargarizans, Hyla japonica, and Pelophylax nigromaculatus embryos were incubated, and investigation of the tebuconazole effect was performed by the probit analysis. As a result, depending on the concentrations of tebuconazole, the mortality and malformation rates were increased and larval body length was decreased. The teratogenic concentrations (EC50) of tebuconazole were 34.4 mg L-1, 10.6 mg L-1, and 14.9 mg L-1, respectively, and the embryo lethal concentrations (LC50) of tebuconazole were 74.7 mg L-1, 38.5 mg L-1, and 39.1 mg L-1, respectively. The teratogenic index (TI) values of tebuconazole were 2.19, 3.58, and 2.65; thus, it showed teratogenicity in embryonic development of these three frogs. These results revealed that in this experiment, tebuconazole suppressed the development of embryos at a relatively low concentration. In addition, mortality, malformation ratios, malformation patterns, and growth rates were similar to the results from the other assay systems. Therefore, tebuconazole was thought to have an effect on the embryo development of domestic frogs. In future, it will be necessary to identify species specificity in order to the clarify the causes of differences in mortality, malformation rate, and malformation patterns depending on the species.
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