지방 중소도시 이민자들의 정착지원서비스 이용과 생활서비스 만족 요인에 관한 연구
A Study on the Use of Settlement Support Services and Satisfaction Factors for Living Services by Immigrants in Local Small and Medium Cities
0
조회
0
다운로드
8
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 지방 중소도시에 거주하는 이민자들의 정착 시 어려움, 정착에 필요한 지원서비스, 공공 및 생활서비스에 대한 만족도 수준과 만족 요인을 분석하고 이를 토대로 이론적・정책적 시사점을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 논산시에 거주하는 이민자 360명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였다. 본연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이민자들이 논산지역에서 생활하면서 가장 어려워하는 점은 언어문제(38.6%)로 나타났으며, 그다음으로 외로움(19.2%), 생활방식・관습 등의 문화차이(15.6%), 음식차이(7.5%) 순이다. 둘째, 이민자들이 경험한 정착지원서비스는 한국어 교육(66.4%)이 가장 많았고, 그다음으로 주거지원(6.4%), 출입국 및 체류 관련 교육 및 상담(5.3%)의 순으로 나타났으며, 실제 서비스를 받은 적이 없음은 8.3%로 나타났다. 셋째, 이민자들이 정착과정에서 필요로 하는 정착지원서비스는 한국어 교육(58.3%)이 가장 많았고, 그다음이 한국사회 이해 교육(14.2%), 생활정보지원(6.4%), 취업 관련 정보 및 일자리 제공(5.3%), 출입국 및 체류 관련 교육 및 상담(5.0%) 순으로 나타났다. 넷째, 이민자들의 생활서비스에 대한 만족도(5점 척도) 조사결과, 생활편의시설 이용 만족도(4.14점)가 가장 높았고, 그다음으로 대중교통 서비스(3.94점), 주택 등 주거환경(3.72점), 의료서비스(3.47점), 공공기관의 서비스(3.44점), 통・번역서비스(3.32점) 순으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 이민자들의 각종 생활서비스에 대한 만족도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인은 한국 내 거주지역 이동횟수, 유학생, 건강상태, 논산지역 거주기간, 중국・몽골 출신, 연령, 한국어 능력 등으로 나타났다. 또한 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 지방 이민자들의 정착시 어려움 해소와 필요한 정착지원서비스 제공, 생활서비스의 만족도를 높이기 위한 이론적・정책적 시사점을 제시하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze what are the difficulties in settlement for immigrants living in small and medium-sized cities in South Korea, what are the settlement support services necessary for settlement, and the level of satisfaction and satisfaction factors for public and life services, and to present theoretical and policy implications based on the analysis results. To this end, a survey was conducted on 360 immigrants residing in Nonsan City. The summary of the research results of this study is as follows. First, as a result of a survey on the most difficult aspects of immigrants living in the Nonsan area, language problems (38.6%) were the highest, followed by loneliness (19.2%), cultural differences such as lifestyle and customs (15.6%), and food differences (7.5%). Second, as for the settlement support service experienced by immigrants, Korean language education (66.4%) was the most, followed by housing support (6.4%), immigration and stay-related education and counseling (5.3%), and no service at all was 8.3%. Third, as for the settlement support service that immigrants need in the settlement process, Korean language education (58.3%) was the highest, followed by education on understanding Korean society (14.2%), and information support services for living (6.4%), employment-related information and job provision (5.3%), immigration and stay-related education and counseling (5.0%). Fourth, as a result of the survey on the satisfaction of immigrants with living services (5-points scale), the satisfaction of using convenience facilities (4.14 points) was the highest, followed by public transportation services (3.94 points), residential environment such as housing (3.72 points), and medical care service (3.47 points), civil services of public institutions (3.44 points), interpretation and translation services (3.32 points) in order. Lastly, the main factors affecting the satisfaction of immigrants with various living services were the number of movements in Korea, international students, health status, duration of residence in Nonsan, Chinese and Mongolian origin, age, and Korean language proficiency. This shows that the satisfaction level of immigrants' life service differs according to the characteristics of the service and the demographic and social characteristics of the service.
참고문헌 (88)
- 김갑현, "국제결혼 이주여성 대상 교육프로그램 개선방안에 관한 연구 : 전남지역 공공도서관 및 평생교육관 평생학습 프로그램을 중심으로", 석사, 인적자원정책, pp.2007
- 김안나, "결혼이주여성의 서비스 이용에 관한 영향요인 연구", 보건사회연구, 32(2), pp.295~334 (2012), 한국보건사회연구원[DOI]
- 김재욱, "귀화 외국인 학습자를 위한 한국어 교육 - 법무부 사회통합 프로그램 분석을 중심으로 -", 언어와 문화, 7(2), pp.125~145 (2011), 한국언어문화교육학회[DOI]
- 김종세, "출입국관리법상 사회통합프로그램(KIIP)에 대한 정책적 소고", 법과정책연구, 13(2), pp.599~618 (2013), 한국법정책학회[DOI]
- 김희주, "결혼이주여성의 적응을 위한 대처전략에 관한 사례연구 - 필리핀 여성을 중심으로 -", 사회복지연구, (35), pp.33~66 (2007), 한국사회복지연구회[DOI]
- 2020 논산시 노인복지통계보고서, "논산시", 논산시, ~ (2020)
- 라휘문, "지방자치단체 외국인 사회통합 프로그램 분석 및 추진방향 - 경기도를 중심으로 -", 한국지방자치학회보, 28(1), pp.1~23 (2016), 한국지방자치학회[DOI]
- 범무부 출입국, "출입국외국인정책 통계월보" (2019)
- 서지명, "경북지역 농촌 여성결혼이민자의 실태와 정착방안", 석사, pp.2008
- 성향숙, "결혼이민여성의 사회복지서비스 이용경험에 관한 현상학적 연구: 사회복지관을 중심으로", 사회과학연구, 26(4), pp.25~43 (2010), 사회과학연구소
- 여성가족부, "2018년 전국 다문화가족 실태조사" (2018), 여성가족부
- 오성배, "한국 사회의 소수 민족(ethnic minority), ‘코시안’(Kosian) 아동의 사례를 통한 다문화 교육의 방향 탐색", 교육사회학연구, 16(4), pp.137~157 (2006), 한국교육사회학회
- 이강숙, "국제여성결혼 이민자들의 실태조사 및 한국 사회적응을 위한 교육프로그램 연구", 박사, pp.2007
- 이로미, "다문화국가 이민자 정착 정책 및 지원 서비스 분석: 미국과 캐나다 사례를 중심으로", 국제지역연구, 14(1), pp.179~208 (2010), 국제지역연구센터
- 스트 코로나 19와 지역의 기회, "이상호", 한국고용정보원, ~ (2020)
- 이성순, "이민자 사회통합정책의 현황과 과제: 사회통합프로그램을 중심으로", 사회과학연구, 21(4), pp.165~187 (2010), 사회과학연구소
- 이영분, "농촌 결혼이주여성들의 복지욕구 영향요인에 관한 탐색적 연구", 한국사회복지학, 62(3), pp.163~191 (2010), 한국사회복지학회[DOI]
- 이오복, "여성결혼이민자의 사회서비스 이용을 통한 정착과정에 관한 근거이론연구", 한국가족복지학, 14(4), pp.25~56 (2009), 한국아동가족복지학회
- 이주재, "결혼이민 여성의 사회복지서비스 이용에 영향을 미치는 요인", 한국가족복지학, (30), pp.299~322 (2010), 한국가족사회복지학회[DOI]
- 임동진, "이민자 사회통합프로그램의 참여요인과 교육성과 분석: 프로그램 참여자와 비참여자 비교를 중심으로", 행정논총, 57(4), pp.283~317 (2019), 한국행정연구소[DOI]
- 임동진, "저출산 고령화시대 미국, 캐나다, 호주의 이민정책 비교 연구: 이민인구와 최근 경향을 중심으로", 한국비교정부학보, 24(2), pp.69~99 (2020), 한국비교정부학회[DOI]
- 정기선, "2013년 체류외국인 실태조사: 고용허가제와 방문취업제 외국인의 취업 및 사회생활" (2013), 법무부출입국・외국인정책본부
- 정기선, "이민자 체류실태 및 고용조사 조사설계 및 항목 연구" (2016), 법무부 출입국・외국인정책본부
- 정용덕, "논산시 관내 외국인 실태조사 연구" (2020), 금강대학교 산학협력단
- 통계청, "2019년 이민자 체류실태 및 고용조사" (2019), 통계청
- 행정안전부, "2019 지방자치단체 외국인 주민 현황(2019.1.1.기준)" (2020), 행정안전부 사회통합지원과
- 황민철, "체류외국인 사회통합교육 성과에 대한 실증분석", 한국공공관리학보, 31(1), pp.55~85 (2017), 한국공공관리학회[DOI]
- 황민철, "법무부 사회통합교육프로그램 운영에 대한 평가 및 개선방안 연구: 삼각측정 연구방법을 활용하여", 다문화와 평화, 12(3), pp.1~24 (2018), 다문화평화연구소[DOI]
- Amit, K, "Determinants of Life Satisfaction among Immigrants from Western Countries and from the FSU in Israel", Social Indicators Research,, 96(3), pp.515~534 (2010)
- Amit, K, "Social Integration and Identity of Immigrants from the FSU, Western Countries and Ethiopia in Israel", Ethnic and Racial Studies, 35(7), pp.1287~1310 (2012)
- Amit, K, "Predictors of Successful Migration: A Study of Well-being among Persons Aged 50 and Older Who Migrated in their Lifetimes to Israel", Social Indicators Research, 98(1), pp.89~104 (2010)
- Amit, K, "The Role of Social Networks in the Immigration Decision-making Process:The case of North American immigration to Israel", Immigrants and Minorities, 25(3), pp.290~313 (2007)
- Bartram, D, "Economic Migration and Happiness: Comparing Immigrants’ and Natives’ Happiness Gains from Income", Social Indicators Research, 103, pp.57~76 (2011)
- Beiser, M, "Language Acquisition, Unemployment and Depressive Disorder among Southeast Asian Refugees: a 10-year Study", Social Science and Medicine, 53, pp.1321~1334 (2001)
- Berry, J. W, "Acculturation, Discrimination and Wellbeing among Second Generation of Immigrants in Canada", International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 61, pp.29~39 (2017)
- Bevelander, P, "The Labour Market Integration of Refugee and Family Reunion Immigrants: a Comparison of Outcomes in Canada and Sweden", Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 40(5), pp.689~709 (2014)
- Bonini, A. N, "Cross-national Variation in Individual Life Satisfaction: Effects of National Wealth, Human Development, and Environment Conditions", Social Indicators Research, 87, pp.223~236 (2008)
- Bordieu, P, "Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education", pp.241~258 (1986), Greenwood Press
- Bowen, S, "Language Barriers in Access to Health Care" (2000), Health Canada
- Bowes, A, "We Didn’t Know It Would Be That Bad: Toward a Power-centered Approach", Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 11(5), pp.387~396 (2003)
- Brickman, P, "Adaptation Level Theory: A Symposium", pp.287~302 (1971), Academic Press
- Castles, S, "The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World" (2009), Guliford Press
- Cheran, R, "Introduction: Xeno-racism and International Migration", Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees, 19(6), pp.1~3 (2001)
- Colic-Peisker, V, "Visibility, Settlement Success and Life Satisfaction in Three Refugee Communities in Australia", Ethnicities, 9(2), pp.175~199 (2009)
- Diener, E, "International Differences in Well-being", pp.ix~xviii (2010), Oxford University Press
- Diener, E, "Beyond the Hedonic Treadmill: Revising the Adaptation Theory of Well-being", American Psychologist,, 61(4), pp.305~314 (2006)
- Diener, E, "The Relationship between Income and Subjective Well-being: Relative or Absolute", Social Indicators Research, 28, pp.195~223 (1993)
- Diener, E, "Subjective Well-being: Three Decades of Progress", Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), pp.276~302 (1999)
- Diener, E, "Recent Findings on Subjective Well-being", Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24(1), pp.25~41 (1997)
- Din-Dzietham, R, "Perceived Stress Following Racebased Discrimination at Work is Associated with Hypertension in African-Americans: the Metro Atlanta Heart Disease Study, 1999–2001", Social Science and Medicine, 58(3), pp.449~461 (2004)
- Dustmann, C, "Language Proficiency and Labour Market Performance of Immigrants in the UK", The Economic Journal, 113, pp.695~717 (2003)
- Easterlin, R. A, "Will Raising the Incomes of All Increase the Happiness of All?", Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 27, pp.35~47 (1995)
- Easterlin, R. A, "Building a Better Theory of Well-being" (2003), Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)
- Edge, S, "Exploring Socio-cultural Factors That Mediate, Facilitate and Constrain the Health and Empowerment of Refugee Youth", Social Science and Medicine, 117, pp.34~41 (2014)
- Este, D, "The Perception and Experiences of Russian and Sudanese Refugee Men as Fathers in an Urban Center in Canada", The Annals of the American Academy, 624, pp.139~155 (2009)
- knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977, "Power", pp.1980, Foucault, M
- Fozdar, F, "Discrimination and Well-being: Perceptions of Refugees in Western Australia", The International Migration Review, 42(1), pp.30~63 (2008)
- Frank, K, "Life Satisfaction among Recent Immigrants in Canada:Comparisons to Source-Country and Host-Country Populations", Journal of Happiness Studies, 17, pp.1659~1680 (2016)
- Frey, B. S, "What Can Economists Learn from Happiness Research?", Journal of Economic Literature,, 40(2), pp.402~435 (2002)
- Giddens, A, "The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration" (1984), Polity Press
- Granovetter, M, "Industries, Firms, and Jobs: Sociological and Economic Approaches", pp.188~217 (1988), Plenum Press
- Granovetter, M, "Getting a Job: a Study of Contacts and Careers" (1995), University of Chicago Press
- Headey, B, "The Set-point Theory of Well-being: Negative Results and Consequent Revisions", Social Indicators Research, 85, pp.389~403 (2008)
- Hou, F, "Learning the Language of a New Country: a Ten-year Study of English Acquisition of South-East Asian Refugees in Canada", International Migration, 44(1), pp.135~155 (2006)
- Inglehart, M. R, "Reactions to Critical Life Events: A Social Psychological Analysis" (1991), Praeger
- Judge, T. A, "Another Look at the Job Satisfaction-life Satisfaction Relationship", Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(6), pp.939~948 (1993)
- Krahn, H, "Educated and Underemployed: Refugee Integration into the Canadian Labour Market", Journal of International Migration and Integration, 1(1), pp.59~84 (2000)
- Lamba, N, "The Employment Experiences of Canadian Refugees: Measuring the Impact of Human Capital and Social Capital on Quality Employment", Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 40(1), pp.45~64 (2003)
- Martin, P, "Immigration: Shaping and reshaping America", Population Bulletin, 61(4) (2006), Population Reference Bureau
- Lee, S. K, "The Impact of Social Capital in Ethnic Religious Communication Networks on Korean Immigrant’s Intercultural Development", International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 43, pp.289~303 (2014)
- Immigrants Satisfaction: What is it? Does it matter?, "Lester, L. H", NILS, ~, pp.working paper, No. 154: 2–103 (2005)
- Lucas, R. E, "Adaptation and the Set-point Model of Subjective Well-being: Does Happiness Change after Major Life Events?", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(2), pp.75~79 (2007)
- Makwarimba, E, "Sudanese and Somali refugees in Canada: Social Support Needs and Preferences", International Migration, 51(5), pp.106~119 (2013)
- Myers, D, "The Funds, Friends, and Faith of Happy People", American Psychologist, 55, pp.56~67 (2000)
- Nakhaie, M. Reza, "Service Needs of Immigrants and Refugees. International", Migration & Integration, 19, pp.143~160 (2017)
- Neto, F, "Satisfaction with Life among Adolescents from Immigrant Families in Portugal", Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(1), pp.53~67 (2001)
- Noh, S, ". Perceived Discrimination, Depression, and Coping : a Study of Southeast Asian Refugees in Canada", Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 40(3), pp.193~207 (1999)
- Putnam, R. D, "Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community" (2006), Simon &Schuster
- Richmond, A, "Refugee and Racism in Canada", Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees, 19(6), pp.12~20 (2001)
- Selezneva, E, "Surveying Transitional Experience and Subjective Well-being: Income, Work, Family", Economic Systems, 35, pp.139~157 (2011)
- Shcroeter, S, "We're Here Because We’re Black”: the Schooling Experience of French Speaking African-Canadian Students with Refugee Background", Race Ethnicity and Education, 18(1), pp.20~39 (2015)
- Smith, R. A, "A Review of the Acculturation Experiences of International Students", International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(6), pp.699~713 (2011)
- Smolicz, J, "Assimilation or Pluralism? Changing Policies for Minority Languages Education in Australia", Language Policy,, 2, pp.3~25 (2003)
- Stewart, M, "Multicultural Meanings of Social Support among Immigrants and Refugees", International Migration, 46(3), pp.123~159 (2008)
- Tonsing, K. N, "Predictors of Psychological Adaptation of South Asian Immigrants in Hong Kong", International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(2), pp.238~248 (2013)
- The International Migration Report 2017, "United Nations", UN Department of Social and Economic Affairs, ~ (2017)
- World Bank, "Economic implications of Remittances and Migration" (2006), The World Bank
