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이민자 유형별 정착서비스 수요 및 생활만족도 분석 : 외국인근로자, 결혼이민자와 유학생을 중심으로

Settlement Services Necessary for Each Type of Immigrant and Their Life Satisfaction Analysis : Focusing on Foreign Workers, Marriage Immigrants, and International Students

임동진
(재) 한국지방행정연구원 (Korea Research Institute for Local Administration)|2021.12|지방행정연구 (The Korea Local Administration Review)|제35권 제4호|pp. 275-312|DOI 10.22783/krila.2021.35.4.275

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이민자ImmigrantsLife Satisfaction생활만족도이민자 유형정착서비스Immigrant TypesSettlement Services
주제분류행정학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 논산시에 거주하고 있는 이민자들의 체류 유형별로 정착에 필요한 정착서비스는 무엇이고, 이들의 생활만족도 수준과 영향요인을 분석하고 이를 토대로 이론적･정책적 시사점을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 논산시에 거주하고 있는 이민자 360명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이민자들이 논산지역에서 정착 및 생활하는데 가장 필요한 정착서비스에 대해 외국인 근로자는 체류 및 생활 고충 상담(46.1%)을, 결혼이민자는 한국어지원프로그램(37.1%)을, 외국인 유학생은 한국 학생들과 함께 하는 프로그램 활동 등의 기회 확대(48.0%)가 가장 필요하다고 응답하였다. 둘째, 공공서비스 만족도(1-5점 척도) 조사결과, 외국인근로자는 의료서비스(3.71점)에 가장 만족하였고, 결혼이민자는 통･번역서비스(3.46점)에 가장 만족했지만, 유학생들은 통･번역서비스(2.76점)는 불만족하였다. 셋째, 이민자들의 전반적인 생활만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 동남아시아 및 동아시아 국가 출신일수록, 건강상태가 양호한 이민자일수록 논산지역에서의 전반적인 생활만족도가 높았다. 반면, 유학생일수록, 생활 거주지역 이동횟수가 많을수록 생활만족도가 낮게 나타났다. 마지막으로, 연구결과에 따른 시사점으로, 이민자 유형별로 필요로 하는 정착서비스는 각 이민자의 체류목적과 정착단계에 따라 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 이민자들의 전반적인 생활만족도는 특정국가 출신, 개인건강상태, 유학생, 거주지역 이동횟수 등 인구학적 특성보다는 사회학적 특성에 더 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the settlement services necessary for settlement by type of stay of immigrants living in Nonsan-si, South Korea and their level of life satisfaction and influencing factors, and to present theoretical and policy implications based on them. To this end, a survey was conducted on 360 immigrants living in Nonsan-si. The main research results of this study are summarized as follows. First, for the most necessary settlement services for immigrants to settle and live in Nonsan, foreign workers need counseling (46.1%), marriage immigrants need Korean language support programs (37.1%), and foreign students need opportunities (48.0%). Second, as a result of the public service satisfaction (5-point scale), foreign workers were most satisfied with medical services (3.71 points), and marriage immigrants were most satisfied with interpretation and translation services (3.46 points), but international students were dissatisfied with interpretation and translation services (2.76 points). Third, as a factor affecting the overall life satisfaction of immigrants, the more they are from Southeast Asia and East Asian countries, and the more healthy immigrants, the higher the overall life satisfaction in Nonsan. On the other hand, the more international students and the more times they move to living areas, the lower their life satisfaction was. Finally, as an implication according to the research results, it was confirmed that the settlement services required for each immigrant type differ according to the purpose of stay and settlement stage of each immigrant. In addition, it was found that immigrants’ overall life satisfaction was more affected by sociological characteristics than demographic characteristics such as those from specific countries, personal health status, international students, and the number of moving in living areas.

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