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도덕 정당화의 심리 기제 분석

Analysis of psychological mechanisms in moral justifications

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초록

우리는 비도덕적으로 행동하는 것에서 어떤 상당한 이득을 취하면서도 자신이 여전히 도덕적이라고 느낄 수 있을 때에는 의도적으로 비도덕적 행위에 관여한다. 이때 우리는 도덕적으로 문제가 될 소지가 있는 결정이나 행동을 도덕적으로 아무런 하자가 없는 것으로 정당화한다. 도덕 정당화는 우리가 비도덕적인 결정을 내리거나 또는 비도덕적으로 행동할 때 도덕 자아나 도덕적인 자기 이미지에 대한 위협을 희석하여 의도적으로 비도덕적 행동에 관여하게 한다. 사전 도덕 정당화는 의심스러운 행동을 용서할 수 있고 수용 가능한 것으로 정의함으로써 도덕 자아에 대해 예상된 위협을 감소한다. 사후 도덕 정당화는 이미 자신이 저지른 비도덕적 행동을 보상함으로써 도덕 자아에 대해 체험된 위협을 감소한다. 이에 이 논문에서는 의도적인 비도덕적 행위에 관여하는 것을 사전과 사후에 도덕적으로 정당화하는 심리 기제가 무엇인지를 규명하고, 이를 통해 도덕교육에서 우리가 새롭게 고려해야 할 사항이 무엇인지를 제안하였다. 이 논문에서는 대부분의 사람이 사전과 사후의 도덕 정당화를 통해 나름의 도덕적 균형을 이루며 사는 것에 대한 이해가 필요함을 강조하였다. 동시에 이 논문에서는 도덕적 행동을 촉진하기 위한 교육적 개입에서 우리가 새롭게 고려해야 할 2가지 기본 원칙을 제안하였다.

Abstract

When we take some substantial advantage of acting immorally, and at the same time we can still feel that we are moral persons, we intentionally engage in immoral conduct. At this time, we justify morally questionable decisions or actions as morally innocent or permissible. Moral justification dilutes the threat to moral self or moral self-image when we make immoral decisions or act immorally, thereby deliberately engaging in immoral behavior. Pre-violation moral justification reduces the expected threat to the moral self by defining suspicious behavior as excusable and acceptable. Post-violation moral justification reduces the threat experienced against the moral self by compensating for the immoral behavior it has already committed. In this paper, I identified what the psychological mechanism is that morally justified in before and after engaging in intentional immoral conduct, and proposed what we should consider anew in moral education. In this paper, I emphasize that it is necessary to understand that most people live in their own moral balance through pre-violation and post-violation moral justification. At the same time, this paper propose the basic principle that we should consider anew in educational interventions to promote moral behavior. Thus, this paper proposed the fact that in order to reduce the moral justification for violation behavior, the moral reminders and evidence-based teaching methods in moral education should be used.

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